Short communication extraction and phytochemical analysis of Hyptis spicigera leaves

Plants are recognized in the pharmaceutical industry for their broad structural diversity as well as their wide range of pharmacological activities, which is due to their biologically active compounds known as phytochemicals. The present study reports the extraction, thin layer chromatography and screening of phytochemical constituent of Hyptis spicigera leaves. The thin layer chromatography of the leave extract shows 11 bands with Rf values of 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.17, 0.19, 0.20, 0.23 and 0.31 respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, emodins, and cardiac glycoside while phenols, tannins, terpenoids, tri terpenoids and anthraquinones were absent. The presences of these phytochemicals showed that Hyptis spicigera leaves may be useful for medicinal purpose.

A Review on Eucalyptus Globulus – An Authentic Herb

In the ancient time Eucalyptus globulus used for the various purpose. It is a tall and an evergreen tree that can grow up to the height of 70m and its diameter is about 4 to7ft. which was first found on the island of Tasmania in 1792 which associate to the Myrtaceae family which is commonly called as Tasmanian Blue Gum, southern blue gum or blue gum are the different names of eucalyptus globulus grow in the various parts of India. The particular species of Eucalyptus globulus have been used for various purposes. It had been found that eucalyptus is a rich source of phytochemical constituent and also possesses medicinal use. The different part of the eucalyptus is very nutritionally and highly valuable therapeutically property because of the presence of some specific chemical composition as its essential oil contain esters, carboxylic acids, aldehyde etc. phytochemical analysis of this tree has revealed that their leaf oil contain 1.8 cineole, cryptophone etc., essential oil had been extracted from its buds. The aim of this review paper is compiling all the information about eucalyptus such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-nociceptive antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-oxidant agent of the nature.

Phytocomponents and antioxidant activity in the methanol extract of seed lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaernt.) from Viet Nam

In this study, we determined the phytocomponents using GC-MS and evaluated antioxidant activity by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay of the methanolic extract of six lotus varieties seed in Viet Nam (N. Nucifera). GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic extract of six lotus varieties seed in Viet Nam showed 27 peaks which indicate the presence of 27 phytochemical constituents. The major phytochemical constituent is methyl-alpha-dgalactopyranoside (66,86-78,69%) in all lotus varieties. Antioxidant activity of liquid extract and condensed extract was found as 8.20-15.67 mg/mL and 0.850-1.286 mg/mL in comparison with IC50 of ascorbic acid (3.2 μg/mL). Moreover, 50 % of the DPPH scavenging ability of liquid and condensed extract differed from each other. From obtained results, the seeds of six lotus varieties in Viet Nam were found to be potential for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

Secondary Metabolites Identification and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Crude Extract of Barringtonia asiatica l. (kurz) Leaves

Aims: The aims of this study were to elucidate the pythochemical compounds from the leaf of mangrove (Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) colleceted from the coast of Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia as well as its antioxidant activity profile. Study Design: The study was designed experimentally with two replication (duplo) for the extraction preparation and analyzed statistically using regression linear for the determination of Inhibition Concentration at 50% or IC50. Place and Duration of Study: Sample were collected from the mangrove ecotourism site at Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The experimental study was performed at the Tropical Marine and Fisheries Laboratory, Fisheries Department, PSDKU Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. Methodology: The identification of pythochemical contents of the leaf was carried out qualitatively with the principle of formation of precipitate, color and foam. The extraction was performed accordingly using three different types of solvent, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Lastly, the antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH (1,-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and IC50 were analyzed subsequently. Results: Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the leaves of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) contain bioactive compounds in the form of tannins and saponins. The methanol extract of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) was proven to have moderate strength antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 125.87 ppm. Conclusion: this results concluded that different geographic region can influence the phytochemical constituent of the of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz). Furthermore, this doesn’t hindered its antioxidant activity potential as it still proven to have a relatively medium antioxidant activity.

UJI FITOKIMIA KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN BERENUK CRESCENTIA CUJETE TERHADAP KADAR MDA OTAK DAN DARAH TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY YANG DIINDUKSI HIPOKSIA NORMOBARIK SISTEMIK KRONIS

Hipoksia adalah suatu kondisi ketika konsentrasi oksigen dalam sel rendah. Kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan pembentukan radikal bebas yang mengarah ke keadaan stres oksidatif yang menghasilkan peroksidasi lipid yang mengakibatkan berbagai kerusakan makromolekul yang dapat merusak otak. Karena itu, tubuh membutuhkan antioksidan untuk mencegah kerusakan tersebut. Salah satu sumber antioksidan eksogen adalah daun Calabash. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kapasitas antioksidan serta konstituen fitokimia daun Berenuk dan menentukan pengaruh ekstrak daun Berenuk dalam menurunkan kadar MDA total dalam darah dan otak tikus Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi oleh sistemik kronis. hipoksia. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Kapasitas antioksidan dievaluasi dengan uji radikal bebas DPPH. 32 tikus Sprague-Dawley dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (normoksia, hipoksia 3 hari, 7 hari dan 14 hari (O2 8%; N2 92%)). Setiap kelompok kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 2 subkelompok (diberikan ekstrak daun dan tidak pemberian). Ekstrak diberikan 400 mg / kg berat badan selama 14 hari. Evaluasi kadar MDA di otak dan darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Wills. Kapasitas Antioksidan Berenuk dengan IC50 = 158,46 μg/mL Semakin lama tikus diinduksi oleh hipoksia sistemik kronis, semakin tinggi kadar MDA dalam darah dan otak. Ada penurunan yang signifikan kadar MDA otak dan darah tikus yang diberi ekstrak daun dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak diberi. Ekstrak Berenuk menurunkan kadar MDA dalam darah dan otak yang disebabkan oleh hipoksia sistemik kronis. Hypoxia is a condition when oxygen concentration in cell is low. This condition can increase free radical formation that leads to oxidative stress state and cause peroxidation of lipid resulting in various macromolecule damages that damage the brain. Thus, the body needs antioxidant to prevent those damage. One of the exogen antioxidant source is calabash leaf. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity as well as the phytochemical constituent of Calabash leaves and determining the effect of Calabash leaves extract in decreasing total MDA levels in the blood and brain of the Sprague-Dawley rats that were induced by chronic systemic hypoxia. Extraction was performed by maceration method using ethanol solvent. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. 32 Sprague-Dawley rat were divided into 4 groups (normoxia, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days of hypoxia (O2 8%;N2 92%)). Each group then divided again into 2 subgroups (given leaves extract administration and not). The extract administrated 400 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The evaluation of MDA levels in the brain and blood was performed by using Wills method. Antioxidant capacity Calabash with IC50 = 158,46 μg/mL The longer the rats were induced by chronic systemic hypoxia, the higher MDA levels in the blood and brain. There was significant decreases in brain and blood MDA levels of rats given leaf compared with the group that was not given. The calabash leaves preventrise of MDA levels in the blood and brain induced by chronic systemic hypoxia

Ethnobotanical Significance of Picrorhiza Kurroa (Kutki), a Threatened Species

Herbal plants have been used in the health maintenance customs since the origin of mankind. The herbal products have negligible adverse impacts on the consumer health because they have suitable and beneficial physiological actions on the living systems. Traditional systems of medication primarily use plants in their practices. The market demand of these plant based products has been increased over the past few years. Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth is one of the most established herbal plants with extraordinary medicinal properties. It belongs to Scrophulariaceae family and commonly called as Kutki. Picrorhiza kurroa is also called as bitter drug due to presence of Kutkin, principle phytochemical constituent of this medicinal plant. It is used in Ayurveda and folk system for treating liver related disorders and used as a remedy for jaundice, malaria, cut, wounds, snake bites etc. Its main therapeutic properties are antimalarial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory etc. The aim of present review is to provide information related to phytochemistry, traditional uses in Ayurveda and folk medicinal system and therapeutic properties of Picrorhiza kurroa. Keywords: Kutki, Kutkin, Rasapanchak, Hepatoprotective, Antimalarial.

Phytosomes: A Promising Strategy for Enhanced Therapeutic Beneϐits of Phytochemicals

Phytosomes are phytochemical based novel drug delivery systems that lead to better absorption, greater bioavailability in addition to improved therapeutic efficacy of numerous phytoconstituents. It is a supremely advanced form of herbal formulations which contains the active phytoconstituent of herbal extract bound by phospholipid molecule. Additionally, these also act as vesicular systems for various fascinating and significant phytoactive. The phytosomes technique produces remarkable minute spheres or tiny cells, which is helpful in the protection of active phytochemical constituent from destruction by the gastric environment. Furthermore, phytosomes also reveal efficient pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic profile compared to conventional herbal extracts. The current manuscript is a cogent attempt to review the potential pharmacological benefits of herbal extracts by forming an impressive and successful phytophospholipid complex. Salient attributes, as well as promising and imperative applications of phytosomes, are illustrated in the manuscript. Recent advances in research endeavours, along with major inferences on effective phytosomal drug delivery systems, have also been highlighted.

Antibacterial Activity of Datura metel Linn. (TALONG-PUNAY) Fruit Extract

Aim: The objective of this study is to determine the phytochemical constituent and antibacterial effect of fruit extract of Datura metel against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: The extract of the sample underwent a phytochemical screening to identify the secondary metabolites present. Also, an antibacterial test was carried out to test its effectiveness, it was tested by impregnating the respective disc on Mueller-Hilton agar streaked with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results: Datura metel fruit extract was observed to have a good antibacterial activity on the two bacteria and this was due to the presence of the phytochemical compounds terpenoids, saponin, alkaloids, steroid, flavonoids, and tannins. Conclusion: The sample Datura metel fruit extract could be used in the field of pharmaceutical because of its antimicrobial activity and present secondary metabolites.