Dynamic Spatial Model of Non-Domestic Waste Transport in Strategic Areas

The development of strategic areas that are taking place in several cities and districts in Indonesia is one of the solutions to the problem-solving approach instructed by the central government to develop the economy. However, along with the development of physical development and infrastructure in this strategic area, environmental problems began to emerge, especially solid waste. Increased community activity is one of the triggers for this increasing environmental problem. This research is a literature study that will answer the problem, what digital tools (applications / software) in a dynamic spatial model can support the final performance and what outputs can be obtained in its use. The method used is a qualitative method, research data is obtained from secondary data, several journals or articles that reveal about solid waste management. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analytical techniques. The mapping software application will simulate the determination of the location of waste collectors, visual representation of transportation routes, and optimization of transportation issues in order to provide economic and environmental benefits by reducing travel time, distance, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions. The dynamic spatial model shows that the ArcGIS simulation results can be used as a strong basis for measuring the overall optimal route in solid waste management and dealing with dynamic changes in the future. Incorporating planning details on paper with real-world boundaries allows for realistic comparisons, for the application of sustainable environmental planning.

A dynamic spatial model of conflict escalation

In both historical and modern conflicts, space plays a critical role in how interactions occur over time. Despite its importance, the spatial distribution of adversaries has often been neglected in mathematical models of conflict. In this paper, we propose an entropy-maximising spatial interaction method for disaggregating the impact of space, employing a general notion of ‘threat’ between two adversaries. This approach addresses a number of limitations that are associated with partial differential equation approaches to spatial disaggregation. We use this method to spatially disaggregate the Richardson model of conflict escalation, and then explore the resulting model with both analytical and numerical treatments. A bifurcation is identified that dramatically influences the resulting spatial distribution of conflict and is shown to persist under a range of model specifications. Implications of this finding for real-world conflicts are discussed.

PRODUCTIVITY SHOCKS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, AND CAPITAL TAXES

The present study deals with the effect that productivity and capital taxes have on foreign direct investment through a panel consisting of 41 countries utilising the GMM system on a dynamic spatial model. Evidence reveals that an increase in the domestic capital tax rate leads to less FDI inflows, and higher levels of domestic productivity growth lead to less FDI inflows. Foreign competition did not have a significant effect on domestic FDI inflows.