Congestion management in deregulated power system using adaptive moth swarm optimization

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to enhance the line congestion and to minimize power loss. Transmission line congestion is considered the most acute trouble during the operation of the power system. Therefore, congestion management acts as an effective tool in using the available power without breaking the system hindrances or limitations. Design/methodology/approach Over the past few years, determining the optimal location and size of the devices have pinched a great deal of consideration. Numerous approaches have been established to mitigate the congestion rate, and this paper aims to enhance the line congestion and minimize power loss by determining the compensation rate and optimal location of a thyristor-switched capacitor (TCSC) using adaptive moth swarm optimization (AMSO) algorithm. Findings An AMSO algorithm uses the performances of moth flame and the chaotic local search-based shrinking scheme of the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. The proposed AMSO approach is executed and discussed for the IEEE-30 bus system for determining the optimal location of single TCSC and dual TCSC. Originality/value In addition to this, the proposed algorithm is compared with various other existing approaches, and the results thus obtained provide better performances than other techniques.

Transboundary Watershed Pollution Control and Product Market Competition With Ecological Compensation and Emission Tax: A Dynamic Analysis

Product competition and pollution control are closely related to watershed environmental management, but existing literature rarely investigates them in an identical framework. Therefore, this paper develops a multiple differential game model to analyze product market competition and ecological compensation games between watershed regions based on the assumption that a region can choose four strategies to regulate its manufacturers while cooperating with other regions in the basin. Then, solve the model and obtain a simultaneous equilibrium between the governments and manufacturers for the first time. The results show that: the combination of emissions tax and ecological compensation results in the highest social welfare and water ecology for all regions in a basin. Furthermore, the ecological compensation rate independent of emissions tax policy and ecological compensation does not shift investment from downstream to upstream, but it can induce the upstream region to increase investment in management. In addition, if the governments impose an emissions tax, manufacturers' output in both regions decreases, and the upstream region is higher than in the downstream region.

A Study on the Power Line Operation Strategy by the Energy Storage System to Ensure Hosting Capacity of Distribution Feeder with Electrical Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

The introduction of a complex electrical vehicle charging (EVC) infrastructure consisting of an electrical vehicle (EV) charger and renewable energy source (RES) in the distribution system has been required as an important countermeasure for global environmental issues. However, the problems for hosting capacity and power stability of the distribution feeder can be caused by the penetration of lager scaled RES and EVC infrastructure. Further, it is required for the efficient operation method to prevent congestion and to ensure hosting capacity for the distribution feeder due to the increase of variable RES and EVC infrastructure in the distribution systems. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a technology which is capable of stably introducing an EVC infrastructure without reinforcing the existing distribution system. Therefore, to maintain the existing hosting capacity of distribution feeder and allowable limits, this paper presents a virtual power line (VPL) operation method using Energy Storage System (ESS) based on the power and voltage stabilization control to ensure hosting capacity of the EVS infrastructure. The proposed operation method is determined by optimal power compensation rate (PCR) and voltage compensation rate (VCR). Specifically, ESS for VPL is controlled according to the charging and discharging mode is operated according to the comparison value of the PCR and VCR. From the test results, it is verified that hosting capacity of the distribution system can be maintained using the proposed control method of ESS for VPL operation.

Dynamic Optimal Control Differential Game of Ecological Compensation for Multipollutant Transboundary Pollution

This paper studies a Stackelberg differential game between an upstream region and a downstream region for transboundary pollution control and ecological compensation in a river basin and increases the number of pollutants assumed in the model to multiple. Emission and green innovation investment between upstream and downstream regions in the same basin is a Stackelberg game, and the downstream region provides economic compensation for green innovation investment in the upstream region. The results show that there is an optimal ecological compensation rate, and a Pareto improvement result can be obtained by implementing ecological compensation. Increasing the proportion of ecological compensation can improve the nonvirtuous chain reaction between green innovation investment cost, pollutant transfer rate, and ecological compensation rate. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a joint mechanism composed of the government and the market and formulate a reasonable green innovation subsidy scheme according to the actual situation of the basin, so as to restrict the emergence of this “individual rational” behavior. For river basin areas that can establish a unified management department and organize the implementation of decision-making, the cooperative game is a very effective pollution control decision.

Residential Photovoltaic Profitability with Storage under the New Spanish Regulation: A Multi-Scenario Analysis

In recent years, solar price drops and regulations have helped residential users to invest in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) facilities. In Spain, a novel law promotes self-consumption by discounting electricity fed into the grid from the utility bill. However, the performance of PV-based facilities depends on diverse factors. The contribution of this paper is to evaluate the techno-economic performance of such installations for different considerations linked to the Spanish law. A simulation model is used to examine different representative cities, load profiles and alternative objectives: maximising profitability and self-sufficiency. For profit maximisation, results show that load profile variations entail PV size changes up to 5 kWp for the same location, together with huge economic and self-sufficiency differences. In contrast, the solar radiation and compensation rate have a more limited influence. For self-sufficiency maximisation, the economic performance drops close to EUR 0, as benefits are used to double the PV size, buy batteries and reach close to 70% self-sufficiency. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows a limited impact of the utility tariff and the technology cost on the PV size, but a relevant influence on the benefits. These results can help investors and families to quantify the risks and benefits of domestic self-consumption facilities.

Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System using Adaptive Moth Swarm Optimization

Transmission line congestion is considered the most acute trouble during the operation of the power system. Therefore, congestion management acts as an effective tool in utilizing the available power without breaking the system hindrances or limitations. Over the past few years, determining an optimal location and size of the devices have pinched a great deal of consideration. Numerous approaches have been established to mitigate the congestion rate and this paper aims to enhance the line congestion and minimize power loss by determining the compensation rate and optimal location of thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) using adaptive moth swarm optimization (AMSO) algorithm. An adaptive moth swarm AMSO algorithm utilizes the performances of moth flame and chaotic local search-based shrinking scheme of the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. The proposed AMSO approach is executed and discussed for IEEE-30 bus system for determining the optimal location of single TCSC and dual TCSC. In addition to this, the proposed algorithm is compared with various other existing approaches and the results thus obtained provide better performances when compared with other techniques.

Wahlfreiheit für wen? Soziale und sozialräumliche Ungleichheit beim Elterngeldbezug am Beispiel der Stadt Bremen

Zusammenfassung Das Elterngeld ist eine Entgeltersatzleistung für Familien mit kleinen Kindern. Mithilfe eines Datensatzes der Bremer Elterngeldstelle sowie 20 qualitativer Interviews zeigt sich aber, welche soziale und sozialräumliche Ungleichheit mit dem Elterngeld einhergeht. So wird deutlich, dass in den Fällen ohne Vätermonate das durchschnittliche Elterngeld der Mütter erheblich niedriger liegt als in den Fällen mit Vätermonaten. Die Gruppe der männlichen Elterngeldempfänger ist zudem sehr heterogen. Ferner unterscheiden sich die Elterngeld­ansprüche als auch die Väterquote analog zur sozialen Lage erheblich zwischen den Bremer Stadtteilen. Hintergrund ist, dass sich gerade bei partnerschaft­lichen und ökonomischen Motiven der Elterngeldausgestaltung eine Differenzierung nach sozialen Milieus andeutet. Abstract: Freedom of Choice for Everyone? Social Inequality in the Case of Parental Benefit in Bremen Parental benefit is a compensation rate for families with small children. With the help of a data set from Bremen and 20 qualitative interviews, it becomes clear which social and socio-spatial inequality is associated with parental benefit. Thus, it is obvious that in cases without fathers’ months, the average parental benefit of mothers is considerably lower than in cases with fathers’ months. The male parental benefit recipients are very heterogeneous. Furthermore, parental benefit claims and the fathers’ ratio differ considerably between the Bremen districts. The cause, especially in partnership and economic motives, is a differentiation according to social milieus.

Synthesis of Hg2Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3O10 Superconductor and Study the Structure and Electrical Properties

Compound Hg2Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3O10 high temperature superconductor looks like (HTSC) has been prepared as a pellet by two step solid state reaction with a certain substitution percentages (0.5, 1,1.5,2) of Ba compensation rate of Sr respectively using appropriate weight of pure material Hg2O3, Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, CaCO3, and Cu(NO3)2 proportional to their molecular weight. XRD used for study structure properties, a computer program was used to calculation of spike dimensions the lattice parameters a, b and c shows Tetragonal, Electrical resistivity at x= 1.5 of Ba are obtained when the best value of Tc= 142 K.

Assessing the Methods of Valuing Contaminated Land in Rivers State, Nigeria

The practice of environmental valuation for compensation has raised serious concerns among estate surveyors and valuers (ESVs) practicing in Nigeria due to the challenges posed by the enabling laws and other factors. This study examined the methods adopted by ESVs in carrying out the valuation of land contaminated by oil spill in Rivers State. The study focused on ESVs practicing with registered firms in Rivers State. Primary data was obtained by administration of questionnaires on 120 ESVs out of which 80 questionnaires were retrieved and used for the analysis. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with estate surveyors and valuers identified to be experienced in the subject of study in order to obtain data on their practice and experience. The primary data was analysed using, percentages, relative importance index (RII) and principal component analysis as well as coding and narrating for the interviews. The findings indicated that the methods adopted for valuation are the income capitalization, predetermined compensation rate, sales comparison, market prices and depreciated replacement cost approach. The study therefore recommends that professional bodies should continuously train and develop ESVs in this aspect of valuation.

A Differential Game of Transboundary Pollution Control and Ecological Compensation in a River Basin

This paper investigates a Stackelberg differential game between an upstream region and a downstream region for transboundary pollution control and ecological compensation (EC) in a river basin. Among them, the downstream region as the leader chooses its abatement investment level and an ecological compensation rate to encourage upstream investing in water pollution control firstly. After then, the upstream region as the follower determines its abatement investment level to maximize welfare. FFurthermore, we take into consideration the effects of efficiency-improving and cost-reducing learning by doing which are originated from abatement investment activity of both regions simultaneously. The results show the following. (i) There is an optimal ecological compensation rate and under which a Pareto improvement result can be obtained. (ii) Carrying out EC will shift some abatement investment from the downstream region into the upstream region. (iii) The efficiency-improving and cost-reducing learning by doing derived from abatement investment activity of both regions can decrease the optimal ecological compensation rate, increase abatement investment,and improve the social welfare.