A SYNTHESIS OF CONSTRUCTABILITY IN TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION

The problem of “constructability” was successfully addressed by leading researchers in the early 1990s, and was considered a problem in remission for over a decade afterward. Constructability, at that time, was seen as the level of difficulty faced by a constructor (usually a contractor) in building a structure in the field as drawn by the designer. Many contractors in those days found it impossible to build the project as drawn and directed. Researchers then devised what became known as the Constructability Review Process, and state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) took up their recommendations as each agency saw fit. This review process drastically reduced obstacles to the point that constructability was no longer viewed as a problem. Then, however, came the proliferation of fast-track, integrated construction delivery systems in the transportation construction industry, with early contractor involvement in the design inherent in these delivery methods. About the same time, DOTs were inundated with new requirements for procuring environmental permits prior to construction, as well as an additional process required by the National Environmental Protection Act. Constructability, with these new requirements, has returned as a problem. This paper reports on a survey conducted as part of a research project funded by the National Cooperative Research Program to determine how each of the 52 DOTs in the US are confronting this problem.

Estudo da separação entre pistas de pouso e decolagem e de taxiamento em aeródromos brasileiros – aplicação ao Aeroporto Internacional de Fortaleza

Inadequações relativas ao projeto geométrico podem ser consideradas comuns em aeroportos pelo mundo. No Brasil, alguns aeroportos apresentam inconformidades de separação entre eixos de pistas de pouso e decolagem e de taxiamento paralelas que são inferiores aos requisitos exigidos pela Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar o impacto de tal situação no risco de colisões associado a operações simultâneas de aeronaves em condições de operação por instrumentos. Para tanto, foi utilizado um método de análise de risco proposto pelo Airport Cooperative Research Program do Transportation Research Board com aeronaves de três categorias distintas que operam no Aeroporto Internacional de Fortaleza. Percebeu-se que há probabilidades reduzidas de acidentes acontecerem nestas condições, sendo o método apresentado um meio relevante para a análise quantitativa dos riscos operacionais em tais situações de inconformidade, podendo esta abordagem ser aplicada em casos similares.

Curriculum History

This chapter analyzes the cultural conditions that gave rise to curriculum studies and later to curriculum history, and the ways that curriculum history could become a cooperative research program for understanding the development of schools in their respective cultural and national contexts. It makes a distinction between a global and an international research agenda, suggesting that the latter offers important advantages. It also addresses the historical roles that constitutions play in shaping citizens through schooling. The chapter also analyzes how the architecture of education systems aims not only at fabricating national unity and identity but also at creating social distinctions within the nation-state.

Elements of Successful Universal Student Transit Pass Programs from Planning to Implementation: A Benchmark Study

Key elements in developing a successful universal college student transit pass program (U-Pass program) are investigated from the perspectives of three involved parties of interest: transit agencies, university administrations, and students. By collecting information from online surveys, case examples, literature, and other useful online resources, a generalized procedure of a U-Pass program is proposed, broken down into three phases: planning, launching, and implementation. In each phase, key elements and actions that lead to successful programs are investigated from the perspectives of the three involved parties. The roles of the three parties as well as how they interact with each other are also examined. Furthermore, some of the underlying factors that lead to program success are explored in the context of different built environment settings. As a benchmark study, this paper extends work from a Transit Cooperative Research Program synthesis to gain insight into how U-Pass programs have been planned, launched, and implemented. The research findings could assist responsible transit agencies and educational institutions in enhancing their current U-Pass programs or launching new programs in the future.

Avaliação dos requisitos da faixa de pista em aeroportos regionais: uma análise de risco

O Brasil é o segundo país com maior número de aeródromos do mundo, atrás apenas dos Estados Unidos. Isso se deve principalmente ao grande número de aeroportos de pequeno porte existentes no país. Devido à dificuldade em se adequar às exigências impostas, esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os requisitos exigidos para a faixa de pista em aeroportos regionais, de modo a viabilizar as operações nesses aeroportos. Para isso foi utilizado um modelo de análise de risco denominado ACRP 50 - Airport Cooperative Research Program, o qual foi aplicado ao Aeroporto de Joinville. Esse modelo foi criado através de uma base histórica de dados operacionais e meteorológicos, e calcula a probabilidade de a aeronave exceder os limites da pista. A partir do modelo, foram discutidas algumas das variáveis que influenciam as operações em aeroportos regionais. Além disso, o nível de segurança da faixa de pista do aeroporto foi avaliado e foram discutidas as implicações de alterações das dimensões da faixa de pista.