Determination of fighting styles of qualified veteran boxers based on cluster analysis of biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators

Purpose: to reveal the styles of fighting veteran boxers on the basis of a multivariate analysis of psychophysiological and biomechanical indicators. Material and methods. The study involved 42 qualified veteran boxers (age 45-50 years). As research methods, we used a biomechanical analysis of the indicators of the speed of movement of various points and the values ​​of the angles in the joints when performing a direct blow by boxers. The psychophysiological method was used to determine the time of a simple and complex reaction under standard conditions and in various testing modes. We used the method of cluster analysis to distribute athletes into groups using the SPSS - 17.0 program. Within the groups, the athletes are as similar as possible to each other in terms of the analyzed indicators, and between the groups they differ as much as possible. The analysis of the groups of athletes obtained with the help of cluster analysis made it possible to identify athletes with the following styles of fighting: tempo, game, power. Results. Cluster analysis of psychophysiological and biomehanical testing showed the presence of 3 groups of athletes. The clusters were named as follows: Cluster 1 - "Speed and coordination endurance", corresponds to the boxers of the pace of the fight; Cluster 2 - "Speed", corresponds to the boxers of the game style of fighting; Cluster 3 - "Strength and speed", corresponds to the boxers of the pace of the fight. Biomechanical features of boxers of different styles of fighting are reflected in the trajectories of the points of the fist, elbow, knee. Conclusions. The results of this study should be used when planning the individual training of athletes in boxing and to determine the optimal style of competitive competition for qualified veteran boxers. The proposed methods of psychophysiological and biomechanical testing to determine the individual characteristics of boxers are an effective, fairly accessible and convenient tool for revealing the predisposition of boxers to a certain style of fighting.

Changes in Physical Fitness of Older People During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Objective Training Data

The purpose of this study was to analyze objective training data on changes in leg muscle training before and after the COVID-19 lockdown during spring 2020 in Germany. Overall, the training data of 4435 individuals in the age group (AG) 45-64 years (55±5 years, 66% ♀) and of 2853 in the AG 65-95 years (72±6 years, 54% ♀) were exported from chip-controlled exercise circuits. Training weight and number of repetitions performed on the leg extensor were used to calculate a leg score (LS), considering the last three training sessions before the lockdown (baseline) and the first ten individual sessions as well as the averaged sessions for August, September and October after individual training resumption. Based on the baseline LS, three training intensity groups (TG_low, medium, high) were defined, and analyzed for differences (ANOVA). The LS in TG_low remained stable after the lockdown, but increased compared to baseline in both AGs after the first ten sessions (p<0.05). In TG_medium, LS was reduced at the first post training session (p<0.05) and returned to baseline levels at training session eight in the younger and session two in the older adults. In both AGs, LS was reduced in the TG_high (p<0.001), and did not reach baseline levels by October. Hence, the LS of TG_high was identified as being particularly affected by the training interruption, irrespective of age. More individually tailored training recommendations should be made for these individuals to be able to regain their initial training levels and avoid long-term adverse health effects.

Bridging Age-Friendly Health Systems Into the Community

As the Age-Friendly Health Systems initiative is implemented across the country, building bridges into the community assures that older adults live safely, enjoy good health and stay involved in their communities. In this symposium, we present innovative approaches that bridge the Age-Friendly Health Systems initiative into the community. Each presentation explores how the 4Ms concepts are integrated into their programs and enhance community with older adults. CATCH-ON Connect provides free cellular-enabled tablets and individual training to older adults to help them do What Matters to them by using their tablets. Rush@Home is a home-based primary care program that addresses the 4Ms in the comfort of an older adult’s home. Social Connections was co-designed with older adults to decrease loneliness by connecting older adults to each other. The Caregiver Initiative identifies and supports caregivers of older adults by meeting the 4Ms health needs of both caregiver and care recipient. Dementia Friendly Communities engage community stakeholders in a process to become educated, creating safe and respectful environments for individuals with dementia. By exploring these approaches, we can bridge the Age-Friendly Health Systems initiative into the community to support older adults outside the four walls of the health system.

FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the search for a new understanding of the essence of the phenomena of “leadership” and “leadership qualities” and the theoretical foundations of leadership development through an individual approach to the training of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is proposed to include the integration of individual training in the professional activities of future military leaders, consistent with the strategic direction of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is determined that the preparation of future officers for leadership in the military team is a socio-pedagogical system that helps cadets to master three basic leadership skills: diagnosing the development of subordinates, flexibility and partnership. Through the organization of individual training of officers-leaders, three more basic leadership skills “in themselves” are developed - to challenge the accepted limitations, to determine the levels of their power and to cooperate for the sake of success. It is proved that effective development of leadership qualities should take place at all four levels: self-management; individual subordinates; military unit (team) and military organization.

Solutions to Problems in Learning Tamil

This review presents the problems that arise when learning Tamil and the solutions for it, which is our mother tongue, and which has been a virgin language for a long time. Solutions to problems in learning can be found through oral training and error free writing training. Oral training should be given through different and flexible exercises. The speech of the linguist should be an example to eliminate the shortcomings of unedited speech. The difference in the duration of the writing of the characters and the place of birth of a word should be clearly stated through individual training and group training. Writing training plays an important role in providing error & free writing training. Being able to write without error is made possible by clear pronunciation, oral reading, relaxed writing, checking what is written, knowing the rules of grammar etc.

Autonomic rhythm regulation of elite wrestlers with different dominance of brain hemisphere

The results of a study of the autonomous regulation of the heart rate in elite wrestlers with different dominance of the cerebral hemispheres were present in the manuscript 23 elite wrestlers. Were examined members of the National Team of Ukraine in Greco-Roman wrestling, aged 22-34 years-old. A body composition monitor "Omron BF511" and a computer electrocardiograph "Fazagraf" were used. It was revealed that elite wrestlers with a dominance of the right hemisphere have more intense regulation of the heart rhythm compared to wrestlers with a dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain. With an increase in the tension of the system of autonomous regulation of the heart rhythm in wrestlers with the dominance of the right hemisphere of the brain, the activation of the central and sympathetic division of regulation occurs. For the purpose of a more effective preparation process and in the development of individual training programs for elite wrestlers, it is necessary to determine the dominance of the cerebral hemispheres.

Academic inbreeding and mobility in higher education: problems, analysis and prospects

The problems of organizing interactive learning in higher education are discussed, taking into account the prospective introduction of new educational standards. It is noted that the emphasis on the use of professional standards in the existing conditions will lead to a decrease in the creative component of graduate training, and the lack of the possibility of real practice will lead to dogmatism and scholasticism. The high dynamics of technical and technological transformations and transformations of the economic sphere in the Russian Federation against the background of global challenges demonstrates the discrepancy between the paces of individual training of high-class professionals. According to the author, the problem is not the transition beyond the boundaries of habitual work; the main attention should be paid to the "smart" future. Complex technologies require significantly more time than before to master the profession. Domestic specialized education should certainly be linked to the spatial development of Russia, which has a huge territory and corresponding local-territorial specifics. Job security – as a tactical emphasis disappears irrevocably within the borders of the region and the industry, giving way for adaptation to the market of local labor and also rapidly and freely moving capital.

Training of commanders, gunners and loaders of the Leopard 2 tank using training devices

The article addresses using the Leopard 2 tank simulators and trainers based on training experience from the 1st battalion of 10th Armored Cavalry Brigade (10 BKPanc) and the Leopard Training Center from Świętoszów. The Leopard 2 tank simulators and trainers from the perspective of the instructor and trainees are characterized. The author has attempted to evaluate individual devices. The possibilities of using individual training devices in the process of training subunits are presented.

The Training of Medium- to Long-Distance Sprint Performance in Football Code Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Within the football codes, medium-distance (i.e., > 20 m and ≤ 40 m) and long-distance (i.e., > 40 m) sprint performance and maximum velocity sprinting are important capacities for success. Despite this, no research has identified the most effective training methods for enhancing medium- to long-distance sprint outcomes. Objectives This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to (1) analyse the ability of different methods to enhance medium- to long-distance sprint performance outcomes (0–30 m, 0 to > 30 m, and the maximum sprinting velocity phase [Vmax]) within football code athletes and (2) identify how moderator variables (i.e., football code, sex, age, playing standard, phase of season) affected the training response. Methods We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases and performed a random-effects meta-analysis (within-group changes and pairwise between-group differences) to establish standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals and 95% prediction intervals. This identified the magnitude and direction of the individual training effects of intervention subgroups (sport only; primary, secondary, tertiary, and combined training methods) on medium- to long-distance sprint performance while considering moderator variables. Results In total, 60 studies met the inclusion criteria (26 with a sport-only control group), totalling 111 intervention groups and 1500 athletes. The within-group changes design reported significant performance improvements (small–moderate) between pre- and post-training for the combined, secondary (0–30 and 0 to > 30 m), and tertiary training methods (0–30 m). A significant moderate improvement was found in the Vmax phase performance only for tertiary training methods, with no significant effect found for sport only or primary training methods. The pairwise between-group differences design (experimental vs. control) reported favourable performance improvements (large SMD) for the combined (0 to > 30 m), primary (Vmax phase), secondary (0–30 m), and tertiary methods (all outcomes) when compared with the sport-only control groups. Subgroup analysis showed that the significant differences between the meta-analysis designs consistently demonstrated a larger effect in the pairwise between-group differences than the within-group change. No individual training mode was found to be the most effective. Subgroup analysis identified that football code, age, and phase of season moderated the overall magnitude of training effects. Conclusions This review provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis of all sprint performance development methods exclusively in football code athletes. Secondary, tertiary, and combined training methods appeared to improve medium-long sprint performance of football code athletes. Tertiary training methods should be implemented to enhance Vmax phase performance. Nether sport-only nor primary training methods appeared to enhance medium to long sprint performance. Performance changes may be attributed to either adaptations specific to the acceleration or Vmax phases, or both, but not exclusively Vmax. Regardless of the population characteristics, sprint performance can be enhanced by increasing either the magnitude or the orientation of force an athlete can generate in the sprinting action, or both. Trial Registration OSF registration https://osf.io/kshqn/.