Driving Force Analysis of Agricultural Economic Growth Related to Water Utilization Effects Based on LMDI Method in Ningxia, Northwest China

Agricultural economy is usually studied by total factor analysis, while it is uncertain what factors affect agricultural production in the perspective of water utilization. The aim of this study was to investigate driving forces of agricultural economy related to water utilization effects in Ningxia during 2007 to 2017. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was selected to decompose the driving forces of agricultural production value. Results showed that the agricultural production value increased significantly in 2007–2017 in all of Ningxia and in each city. In terms of the whole region, the effect of agriculture water efficiency played a leading and positive role in the increase of the agricultural production value. The effects of water stress, water utilization structure, and water resource endowment all showed a negative driving force, while population exerted a positive effect. For five cities, the effect of agriculture water efficiency and water utilization structure showed no spatial difference; whereas the other effects expressed different driving forces between cities in the northern plain area and southern hilly area due to varied natural conditions and agricultural activities. The results of this research suggested that the first and foremost strategy of agricultural development and water resource management in Ningxia should be to promote water-saving irrigation and optimize agricultural structure.

Long term rainfall trend over meteorological sub divisions and districts of India

In this paper the long term trend of annual and seasonal rainfall over different districts, Meteorological (Met.) sub-divisions and whole India have been studied using the long term rainfall data for the period from 1901 to 2013. The changes in amount and pattern of rainfall have a significant impact on agriculture, water resources management and overall economy of the country. Mann-Kendall test is applied to check the significance of the trend. Linear Regression and Theil-Sen’s non parametric test has been applied to estimate the trend. The study is carried out for 632 districts and 34 sub divisions of India by utilizing the gridded rainfall data (0.25° × 0.25°) over the main land except Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands. Many authors have studied that extreme events are increasing but there is no trend in Pan India’s rainfall. It is observed from the annual rainfall analysis 10% of the number of districts are showing significant increasing trend and 13% significant decreasing (mainly in Uttar Pradesh) trend whereas irrespective of high and low rainfall regions, 10% area of the country is showing significant increasing trend and 8% of the area of the country showing significant decreasing trend in annual rainfall. In Meteorological Sub divisions, east & west UP are showing significant negative trend and some of the coastal sub divisions are showing positive trend. It is also observed that the country’s rainfall is not showing any trend.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE GROWING INDIA AND ISRAEL RELATION AND WHY INDIA REQUIRES ISRAEL

India and Israel are the two oldest civilizations, India favours a multi-polar world where as Israel favours a uni-polar world , India did not recognition Israel as a state till 1950 and today it has been more than25 years of diplomatic ties with growing economic, defence and strategic relationship, since 1992 the diplomatic ties between India and Israel started, capitalism was the main reason why India initiated the relation ,though since 1992 there have ties on agriculture, water management, trade, cyber security, Space, India and Israel together have launched missiles , and today India is the largest export partner of Israel in defence supply.Both the countries also have similar ideological and culture , In India we find many Jews residing in different states. India and Israel have joint hands and are sharing intelligences to counter terrorism .India and Israel are emerging as powerful nations and Israel advancement in technology has provided massive benefits to India in different sectors and the most in defence . The defence ties of the two countries in Future will provide more and more provisions to India, however India NAM members at times freezes the relations between the two countries. Keywords: India, Israel, Defence, strategic partnership, missiles, export, trade, cyber security

Advances in the application and utility of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions

The subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictive timescale, encompassing lead times ranging from 2 weeks to a season, is at the frontier of forecasting science. Forecasts on this timescale provide opportunities for enhanced application-focused capabilities to complement existing weather and climate services and products. There is, however, a ‘knowledge-value’ gap, where a lack of evidence and awareness of the potential socio-economic benefits of S2S forecasts limits their wider uptake. To address this gap, here we present the first global community effort at summarizing relevant applications of S2S forecasts to guide further decision-making and support the continued development of S2S forecasts and related services. Focusing on 12 sectoral case studies spanning public health, agriculture, water resource management, renewable energy and utilities, and emergency management and response, we draw on recent advancements to explore their application and utility. These case studies mark a significant step forward in moving from potential to actual S2S forecasting applications. We show that by placing user needs at the forefront of S2S forecast development – demonstrating both skill and utility across sectors – this dialogue can be used to help promote and accelerate the awareness, value and co-generation of S2S forecasts. We also highlight that while S2S forecasts are increasingly gaining interest among users, incorporating probabilistic S2S forecasts into existing decision-making operations is not trivial. Nevertheless, S2S forecasting represents a significant opportunity to generate useful, usable and actionable forecast applications for and with users that will increasingly unlock the potential of this forecasting timescale.

Global distribution, trends, and drivers of flash drought occurrence

Flash drought is characterized by a period of rapid drought intensification with impacts on agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, and the human environment. Addressing these challenges requires a fundamental understanding of flash drought occurrence. This study identifies global hotspots for flash drought from 1980–2015 via anomalies in evaporative stress and the standardized evaporative stress ratio. Flash drought hotspots exist over Brazil, the Sahel, the Great Rift Valley, and India, with notable local hotspots over the central United States, southwestern Russia, and northeastern China. Six of the fifteen study regions experienced a statistically significant increase in flash drought during 1980–2015. In contrast, three study regions witnessed a significant decline in flash drought frequency. Finally, the results illustrate that multiple pathways of research are needed to further our understanding of the regional drivers of flash drought and the complex interactions between flash drought and socioeconomic impacts.

Development of an Algorithm for an Automatic Determination of the Soil Field Capacity Using of a Portable Weighing Lysimeter

The challenge today is to optimize agriculture water consumption and minimize leaching of pollutants in agro-ecosystems in order to ensure a sustainable agriculture. The use of different technologies and the adoption of different irrigation strategies can facilitate efficient fertigation management. In this respect, the determination of soil field capacity point is of utmost importance. The use of a portable weighing lysimeter allows an accurate quantification of crop water consumption and water leaching, as well as the detection of soil field capacity point. In this work, a novel algorithm is developed to obtain the soil field capacity point, in order to give autonomy and objectivity to efficient irrigation management using a portable weighing lysimeter. The development was tested in field grown horticultural crops and proved to be useful for optimizing irrigation management.

An IOT and Blockchain Approach for the Smart Water Management System in Agriculture

In all the smart applications, evolution of the Internet of Things (IOT) is utilized as a complete matured technology and in the future internet generations, established itself. Blockchain is also the blooming technique like Internet of things in which the distributed ledger which enhances the security contained in the each node of the block-chain. In the block-chain network, any fault transaction is not done by the illegal users. The block-chain is combined with the Internet of Things for the improvement of real time application performance. IOT based smart water management system is designed in this paper for the agriculture which ensures the effectiveness of the agriculture water management. The remote monitoring with the IOT is used for this purpose. By linking with 2D modelling, the control and management of the agriculture water were performed. Finally, a system is implemented for the agriculture water management through the real time data collection. The obtained result shows the data that updates the water monitoring interface with the varying number of hours. The IoT technology and remote monitoring technology is utilized to the existing water management infrastructure. For water resources management and water supply, this is the very efficient technology.

Plant Virus and Virus-like Disease Threats to Australia’s North Targeted by the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy

The Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS) is a biosecurity initiative operated by the Australian federal government’s Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (DAWE). It is unique worldwide because it deals specifically with the potential arrival via unregulated pathways of exotic threats from overseas in a vast and sparsely populated region. It aims to protect the nation’s animal- and plant-based production industries, as well as the environment, from incursions of organisms from countries that lie immediately to the north. These are diseases, pests, and weeds present in these countries that are currently either absent from, or under active containment in, Australia and may arrive by natural or human-assisted means. This review article focuses on the plant viruses and virus-like diseases that are most highly targeted by the NAQS program. It presents eight pathogen species/group entries in the NAQS A list of target pathogens, providing an overview of the historical and current situation, and collates some new data obtained from surveillance activities conducted in northern Australia and collaborative work overseas.

ANTI-CRISIS SUPPORT MEASURES AGRICULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN

В статье отмечается, что проблема совершенствования государственного регулирования сельского хозяйства - важнейшая составная часть рыночного механизма экономики в условиях неопределенности. Необходимость такого регулирования связана с такими особенностями АПК, прежде всего сельского хозяйства, которые не позволяют им на равных участвовать в межотраслевой конкуренции. Проведен анализ валового выпуска продукции (услуг) сельского хозяйства Казахстана, показана динамика расходов государственного бюджета, заܰтрܰаܰт республиканского и местного бюджетов нܰаܰ сельское, водное и лесное, рыбное хозяйство хозяйство за 2016-2020 годы, размер целевых текущих трансфертов, переданных в базу расходов местных бюджетов при определении трансфертов общего характера на развитие сельского хозяйства, структура средств на антикризисные меры в АПК. Авторы отмечают, что стратегическая значимость и специфические особенности сельского хозяйства требуют разработки особых подходов к управлению данной отраслью, её инвестированием на региональном уровне. Возникла необходимость в разработке системных экономических решений в поддержке аграрного сектора и продовольственной безопасности, требующих проведения определенной стратегии, принципов, положений, норм и мероприятий, направленных на преодоление накопившихся проблем. Государственная поддержка в виде субсидий и предоставления льготных кредитов будет стимулировать развитие сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей. The article notes that the problem of improving the state regulation of agriculture is the most important component of the market mechanism of the economy in conditions of uncertainty. The need for such regulation is associated with such features of the agro-industrial complex, primarily agriculture, which do not allow them to participate on an equal footing in intersectoral competition. The analysis of the gross output of products (services) of agriculture in Kazakhstan is carried out, the dynamics of state budget expenditures, expenditures of the republican and local budgets for agriculture, water and forestry, fisheries for 2016-2020, the size of targeted current transfers transferred to the base of expenditures of local budgets is shown when determining transfers of a general nature for the development of agriculture, the structure of funds for anti-crisis measures in the agro-industrial complex. The authors note that the strategic importance and specific features of agriculture require the development of special approaches to the management of this industry, its investment at the regional level. There was a need to develop systemic economic solutions to support the agricultural sector and food security, requiring a specific strategy, principles, regulations, norms and measures aimed at overcoming the accumulated problems. State support in the form of subsidies and the provision of concessional loans will stimulate the development of agricultural producers.