Discrimination methods for diesel origin by analyzing fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition in diesel-contaminated soil

The biodiesel containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are blended with refined diesel products. Here, we evaluate relative FAME composition ratio as a potential index to discriminate the pollution origin in diesel-contaminated soil. Artificially contaminated soil was prepared to mimic the release of petroleum products using four different refined diesels; in addition, the contaminated soil was put under natural weathering conditions. The variations in the relative FAME composition ratio was compared with those of the corresponding diesel origin using principal component analysis (PCA) for 60 days. All soil samples could be classified into four groups according to diesel origin using two principal components. The proposed method can be used to discriminate the specific diesel pollution origin in contaminated soils.

Toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) on microalgal growth, (IC50 value) and its exertions in biofuel production

This study evaluated the IC50 value of cadmium against four different strains of microalgae. Chlorella sorokiniana was able to tolerate 300 mg/L of cadmium. The lipid productivity increased by 6% at 50 mg/l of Cd (II) stress. The decrease in biomass productivity was recorded with increasing concentration of Cd. The results showed that chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually decreased on increasing the concentration of Cd over 100 mg/l. The FAME composition of C. sorokiniana cultivated under Cd (II) stress and control medium were analyzed to determine the quality of the biodiesel produced. The major fatty acids present in the TAGs of the treated microalga were C10:0, C12:0, and C15:0.

Investigating the Role of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

This experimental study is focused on the significance of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition for usage of biodiesel in diesel engines. Karanja Oil Methyl Esters (KOME) from two different feed stocks were selected for the study. FAME composition was analysed by gas chromatography and physical, chemical properties were evaluated. KOME 30% blends with diesel were analysed for performance and Emission characteristics. The present work predicted that H30 sample 1 with higher unsaturation has resulted in higher peak pressure, higher NOx emissions, as compared to H30 sample 2 with lower unsaturation fatty acid methyl ester composition.

Evaluation of the characteristics of non-oxidative biodiesels: a FAME composition, thermogravimetric and IR analysis

Development and characterization of non-oxidative biodiesels for improvement of engine performance and exhaust emissions.

Effect of Glucose on the Fatty Acid Composition of Cupriavidus necator JMP134 during 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degradation: Implications for Lipid-Based Stable Isotope Probing Methods

ABSTRACTCombining lipid biomarker profiling with stable isotope probing (SIP) is a powerful technique for studying specific microbial populations responsible for the degradation of organic pollutants in various natural environments. However, the presence of other easily degradable substrates may induce significant physiological changes by altering both the rate of incorporation of the target compound into the biomass and the microbial lipid profiles. In order to test this hypothesis,Cupriavidus necatorJMP134, a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacterium, was incubated with [13C]2,4-D, [13C]glucose, or mixtures of both substrates alternatively labeled with13C.C. necatorJMP134 exhibited a preferential use of 2,4-D over glucose. The isotopic analysis showed that glucose had only a small effect on the incorporation of the acetic chain of 2,4-D into the biomass (at days 2 and 3) and no effect on that of the benzenic ring. The addition of glucose did change the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition. However, the overall FAME isotopic signature reflected that of the entire biomass. Compound-specific individual isotopic analyses of FAME composition showed that the13C-enriched FAME profiles were slightly or not affected when tracing the 2,4-D acetic chain or 2,4-D benzenic ring, respectively. This batch study is a necessary step for validating the use of lipid-based SIP methods in complex environments.

Mathematical Modeling for the Prediction of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from their FAME Composition

The mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, known as biodiesel have received significant attention as an alternative diesel fuel. In the present study fuel properties like viscosity, density and High Heat Value (HHV) of ten biodiesels namely Corn, Cottonseed, Linseed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Soybean, Sunflower, Mahua, Jatropha and Palm are predicted using their FAME ( Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) composition by regression analysis and the results obtained are compared and found to be in good agreement with reported literature values.