New Simplified Method for Parameter Estimation of Three-Dimensional Channel Model in Third Generation Partnership Project

The emerging fifth generation technology has attracted the attention of many researchers and developers. It is designed to connect everyone and everything together including machines, vehicles, objects, and devices. One of the fifth generation research topics that are being investigated is the modelling of the wireless communication channel. In this paper, Third Generation Partnership Project channel models are studied and its variant Three-Dimensional Third Generation Partnership Project model is examined. This model is complex and not easy to use due to the employment of a large number of parameters. For these reasons, a new simplified method for parameter estimation of the three-dimensional model of third generation partnership project based on estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariant techniques algorithm is proposed. The simplified model is less complex than the three-dimensional model of third generation partnership project and is found to perform better in terms of computational time while maintaining similar results.

NB-IoT and LTE-M towards massive MTC: Complete performance evaluation for 5G mMTC

Since the emerging 5G wireless network is expected to significantly revolutionize thefield of communication, its standardization and design should regard the internet ofthings (IoT) among the main orientations. Also, emerging IoT applications introducenew requirements other than throughput to support massive machine-type commu-nication (mMTC) where small data packets are occasionally sent. Therefore, moreimportance is attached to coverage, latency, power consumption, and connection den-sity. For this purpose, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) has introducedtwo novel cellular IoT technologies supporting mMTC, known as NB-IoT and LTE-M. This paper aims to determine the system configuration and deployment required forNB-IoT and LTE-M technologies to fully meet the 5G mMTC requirements in termsof coverage, throughput, latency, battery life, and connection density. An overview ofthese technologies and their design principles is also described. A complete evalua-tion of NB-IoT and LTE-M performance against 5G mMTC requirements is presented,and it is shown that these requirements can be met but only under certain conditionsregarding system configuration and deployment. This is followed by a performancecomparative analysis, which is mainly conducted to determine the limits and suitableuse cases of each technology.

A Survey on Integrated Access and Backhaul Networks

Benefiting from the usage of the high-frequency band, utilizing part of the large available bandwidth for wireless backhauling is feasible without considerable performance sacrifice. In this context, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) has been proposed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to reduce the expenses related to the deployment of fiber optics for 5G and beyond networks. In this paper, first, a brief introduction of IAB based on the 3GPP release is presented. Then, the existing research on IAB networks based on 3GPP specifications and possible non-3GPP research extensions are surveyed. The research on non-3GPP extensions includes the integration of IAB networks with other advanced techniques beyond the currently defined protocol stacks, such as the integration of IAB to cache-enabled, optical communication transport, and non-terrestrial networks. Finally, the challenges and opportunities related to the development and commercialization of the IAB networks are discussed.

Layered-Division Multiplexing in 5G New -Radio for Terrestrial Broadcast Services

The 5G system can deliver simultaneouslyunicast services, multicast services and broadcast services using the conventional high-power high- tower (HPHT) infrastructure and with the same spectrum.The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTEevolved -multimedia broadcast- multicast service (eMBMS) have new features designed for Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. A broadcast service means only receive mode, only downlink no uplink or inserting a SIM card not needed. In free to air reception without a SIM card or without user device registration with the network the content can be received. This specification is standardized in release 15. In this study a two layer Layered-Division Multiplexing (LDM) is used in 5G new radio (NR).A significant performance could be analyzed in a 5G- NRMBMS by using two layer LDM system for delivering terrestrial broadcast services. The performance analysis demonstrated by computer simulations. Using two-layer LDM in 5G-NRMBMS system a high-qualityservice can be provided to both handheld and fixed devices

Optimizing 5G in V2X Communications

Recently, the automotive industries have accelerated the deployment of Cellular V2X as a motivation to integrate vehicular communication with NewRadio-5G (NR-5G) technology. Nowadays, two critical technologies are concurrently supporting V2X communication: IEEE802.11p and cellular technologies. C-V2X is standardized and designed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for automotive services. C-V2X supports two communication modes through a single platform to provide Wifi-short-range and cellular-long-range communication. Wifi-short-range communication doesn't require network subscription or coverage while the cellular-long-range requires network subscription and coverage. LTE-V2X is the current standard of C-V2X which completed in March-2017 as the 3GPP-Release 14 and enhanced to support the upcoming 3GPP-Release 16 which support the NR-5G capabilities, enhancement, and services. In this chapter, the authors propose the Optimizing of 5G with V2X and analyzing the current V2X standards, introducing the evolution of 5G, challenges, features, requirements, design, and technologies.

Rendimiento de la técnica de acceso múltiple no ortogonal (NOMA) en un sistema de comunicación móvil Long-Term Evolution (LTE)

La creciente demanda de datos a través de las redes móviles y la búsqueda de servicios más eficientes por parte de los usuarios han inducido a la generación de nuevas técnicas que incrementen la eficiencia espectral. El acceso múltiple no-ortogonal (NOMA) es una de las técnicas que están siendo evaluadas dentro del 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), esta proporciona servicios a múltiples usuarios mediante multiplexación en potencia. Esta investigación evalúa el rendimiento de NOMA en sistemas LTE (Long Term Evolution) mediante simulaciones de capa física, en relación con las tecnologías de acceso múltiple ortogonales convencionales TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) y FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). Se compararán, además, las ganancias obtenidas, con las publicadas en la bibliografía de Advanced Television Systems Committee(ATSC) 3.0. Los resultados demuestran que NOMA es mejor que TDM en los casos que se utilice una tasa baja en el receptor móvil y una tasa media en el receptor fijo, demostrando ganancias de 3.35 y 0.25 respectivamente.

Optimizing 5G in V2X Communications

Recently, the automotive industries have accelerated the deployment of Cellular V2X as a motivation to integrate vehicular communication with NewRadio-5G (NR-5G) technology. Nowadays, two critical technologies are concurrently supporting V2X communication: IEEE802.11p and cellular technologies. C-V2X is standardized and designed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for automotive services. C-V2X supports two communication modes through a single platform to provide Wifi-short-range and cellular-long-range communication. Wifi-short-range communication doesn't require network subscription or coverage while the cellular-long-range requires network subscription and coverage. LTE-V2X is the current standard of C-V2X which completed in March-2017 as the 3GPP-Release 14 and enhanced to support the upcoming 3GPP-Release 16 which support the NR-5G capabilities, enhancement, and services. In this chapter, the authors propose the Optimizing of 5G with V2X and analyzing the current V2X standards, introducing the evolution of 5G, challenges, features, requirements, design, and technologies.

Enhancing the 3GPP V2X Architecture with Information-Centric Networking

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications allow a vehicle to interact with other vehicles and with communication parties in its vicinity (e.g., road-side units, pedestrian users, etc.) with the primary goal of making the driving and traveling experience safer, smarter and more comfortable. A wide set of V2X-tailored specifications have been identified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) with focus on the design of architecture enhancements and a flexible air interface to ensure ultra-low latency, highly reliable and high-throughput connectivity as the ultimate aim. This paper discusses the potential of leveraging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) principles in the 3GPP architecture for V2X communications. We consider Named Data Networking (NDN) as reference ICN architecture and elaborate on the specific design aspects, required changes and enhancements in the 3GPP V2X architecture to enable NDN-based data exchange as an alternative/complementary solution to traditional IP networking, which barely matches the dynamics of vehicular environments. Results are provided to showcase the performance improvements of the NDN-based proposal in disseminating content requests over the cellular network against a traditional networking solution.

Redes 5G V2X Multi-modo y Escalables

Dentro de la tecnología 5G, las comunicaciones vehiculares V2X (Vehicle to Everything) han experimentado una importante evolución durante los últimos años. La tecnología planteada como punto de partida es la basada en el estándar IEEE 802.11p. Sin embargo, recientemente el 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) ha estado trabajando en el desarrollo de la tecnología LTEV2X o 5G V2X, planteada como un estándar basado en LTE para comunicaciones V2X. Este estándar, cuya primera versión ya se encuentra cerrada (Release 14), define los mecanismos necesarios para llevar a cabo comunicaciones vehiculares como V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) y V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure). No obstante, ante el futuro despliegue de la tecnología del vehículo autónomo, que marca unos requisitos muy elevados en cuanto a factores como la latencia o la fiabilidad de las comunicaciones, el 3GPP se encuentra actualmente en fase de estudio y estandarización del Release 15, con el objetivo de dar soporte a los requisitos y servicios críticos de las comunicaciones del vehículo conectado y autónomo. En este trabajo se pretende revisar el estado del arte actual de las comunicaciones 5G V2X, así como de las mejoras que actualmente se encuentran en fase de investigación.

Restricción de Acceso Extendida para Manejar Despliegues Masivos de Comunicaciones Tipo Máquina (mMTC)

La comunicación masiva tipo máquina (mMTC) ha presentado un momento prometedor para generar conexiones potentes y ubicuas que enfrentan muchos desafíos nuevos. Las redes celulares son la solución potencial debido a su amplio despliegue de infraestructura, confiabilidad, seguridad y eficiencia. En las redes mMTC basadas en comunicación celular, el canal de acceso aleatorio se utiliza para establecer la conexión entre los dispositivos MTC y las estaciones base (eNBs), donde el principal desafío es la conectividad escalable y eficiente para una enorme cantidad de dispositivos. Para hacer frente a esto, el Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ha sugerido la restricción de acceso extendida (EAB) como un mecanismo para el control de la congestión. Las eNBs activan o desactivan EAB utilizando un coeficiente de congestión. En este documento se presenta un enfoque para implementar el coeficiente de congestión de modo que EAB pueda operar y así manejar los episodios de congestión en escenarios de mMTC. También se examina el rendimiento de EAB bajo diferentes cargas de tráfico de MTC y configuraciones de ciclo de paginación en términos de indicadores clave de rendimiento de la red (KPIs). Los resultados numéricos demuestran la efectividad del método propuesto para detectar episodios de congestión. Además se demuestra que el aumento del valor de la configuración del ciclo de paginación influye en el comportamiento de la red bajo EAB.