B-iTRS: A Bio-Inspired Trusted Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

In WSNs, routing algorithms need to handle dynamical changes of network topology, extra overhead, energy saving, and other requirements. Therefore, routing in WSNs is an extremely interesting and challenging issue. In this paper, we present a novel bio-inspired trusted routing scheme (B-iTRS) based on ant colony optimization (ACO) and Physarum autonomic optimization (PAO). For trust assessment, B-iTRS monitors neighbors’ behavior in real time, receives feedback from Sink, and then assesses neighbors’ trusts based on the acquired information. For routing scheme, each node finds routes to the Sink based on ACO and PAO. In the process of path finding, B-iTRS senses the load and trust value of each node and then calculates the link load and link trust of the found routes to support the route selection. Moreover, B-iTRS also assesses the route based on PAO to maintain the route table. Simulation results show how B-iTRS can achieve the effective performance compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms.

Effect of Aging on Conductivity of Heat Resistant Overhead Line Conductors

Different kinds of Al and Al alloys are used for all bare overhead energy transmission lines. In the present work, the effect of heat treatments on the conductivity of Al-0.25wt.%Zr alloy has been investigated. Al-0.25wt.%Zr samples were prepared in cold graphite crucibles by using a vacuum furnace and a continuous casting line. The samples were aged isothermally and isochronally in muffle and tube furnaces. Aging was carried out at a wide range of temperatures (350-600 °C) at constant aging times (75 h, 100 h) and a wide range of aging times (25-500 h) at constant temperatures (425 °C, 450 °C). According to the experimental results, conductivities of aged samples increase up to a certain aging temperature and aging time and reach peak values, then decrease with increasing aging temperature and aging time.