Kontribusi Faktor Klimat di Luar Kandang terhadap Perubahan Mikroklimat Closed House dengan Panjang Berbeda pada Periode Brooder di Musim Kemarau

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kontribusi faktor klimat di musim kemarau terhadap kondisi mikroklimat closed house periode brooder dengan panjang kandang berbeda. Unit kandang digunakan yaitu kandang ukuran panjang 60 m dan 120 m. Pengamatan dilakukan pagi hari (05.00 WIB), siang hari (13.00 WIB) dan malam hari (21.00 WIB). Parameter makroklimat yang diamati meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin dan radiasi matahari serta kondisi mikroklimat meliputi suhu, kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin dan THI. Besaran kontribusi diukur berdasarkan keeratan hubungan dengan analisis korelasi. Koefisien korelasi yang menunjukkan hubungan cukup kuat dengan nilai r0,3, digunakan untuk membentuk persamaan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besaran kontribusi komponen makroklimat pada pagi hari, siang hari maupun malam hari terhadap kondisi mikroklimat berupa suhu, kecepatan angin dan THI lebih besar di kandang panjang 60 m, sedangkan kontribusi makroklimat terhadap kelembaban udara mikroklimat lebih besar di kandang 120 m (p0,05). Rentang nilai r pada korelasi yaitu cukup kuat hingga sangat kuat. Hasil persamaan regresi yang terbentuk memiliki nilai determinasi R2 sangat kuat, sehingga layak digunakan sebagai prediktor. Prediktor kelembaban udara di kandang 60 m berupa kecepatan angin, kelembaban udara dan radiasi matahari makroklimat, sementara prediktor kelembaban udara di kandang panjang 120 m berupa suhu, kelembaban udara dan radiasi matahari. Simpulan penelitian yaitu kontribusi faktor makroklimat terhadap variasi kondisi mikroklimat berupa suhu, kecepatan angin dan THI pada periode brooder lebih besar di kandang 60 m daripada 120 m, sedangkan kontribusi komponen makroklimat terhadap kelembaban udara di kandang 120 m lebih besar dari kandang 60 m. (Contribution of climatic factor outside the lengths to the change of microclimate closed house with different lengths in brooder period in the dry season) ABSTRACT. This study conducted to calculate macroclimate contribution during brooding period house to different closed house length in dry season. Two broiler closed house 60 m and 120 m length here used in this research. Observed data were daily at 05.00 a.m, 1.00 p.m. and 9.00 p.m to represented microclimate condition in the morning, afternoon and night. Macroclimate parameters observed included temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, sun radiation and microclimate parameters included temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, THI. Macroclimate contribution on the microclimate was calculates based on the strength of the relationship using correlation analysis. Subsequently, regression equation formed on parameters which has r value more than 0.3. Results showed that macroclimate contributes on variation of microclimate condition such as temperature, air velocity and THI which is larger in the 60 m length than 120 m length closed house(p0.05). Macroclimate factors contributes on microclimate humidity which is larger in the 120 m than 60 m closed house length. The range of correlation r value are strong enough to very strong. Regression equations confirmed to having strong determination R value, thus can be used as a predictor of microclimate variation. Predictor parameter of microclimate humidity in 60 m closed house consist of air velocity, relative humidity and sun radiation, whereas microclimate humidity in 120 m closed house predictors consist of temperature, relative humidity and sun radiation. In conclusion macroclimate that contributes to the microclimate variation consist of temperature, air velocity and THI, which is larger in 60 m than 120 m closed house. Meanwhile, macroclimate that contributes to the microclimate humidity is larger in 120 m than 60 m closed house.

Soil Moisture Sensor-based Systems are Suitable for Monitoring and Controlling Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops

Sensor-based feedback control irrigation systems have been increasingly explored for greenhouse applications. However, the relationships between microclimate variation, plant water usage, and growth are not well understood. A series of trials were conducted to investigate the microclimate variations in different greenhouses and whether a soil moisture sensor-based system can be used in monitoring and controlling irrigation in greenhouse crop productions. Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese Gigante’ basil and Campanula portenschlagiana ‘Get Mee’ bellflowers were monitored using soil moisture sensors for an entire crop cycle at two commercial greenhouses. Significant variations in greenhouse microclimates were observed within the two commercial greenhouses and within an older research greenhouse. Evaporation rates were measured and used as an integrated indicator of greenhouse microclimate conditions. Evaporation rates varied within all three greenhouses and were almost double the lowest rates within one of the greenhouses, suggesting microclimates within a range of greenhouses. Although these microclimate variations caused large variations in the growing substrate water contents of containers within the greenhouses, the growth and quality of the plants were unaffected. For example, no significant correlations were observed between the growth of bellflower plants and the average volumetric water content (VWC), minimum VWC, or maximum VWC of the growing substrate. The change in VWC at each irrigation (ΔVWC), however, was positively correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index (GI) of the bellflowers. For basil, no significant correlations were observed between plant growth and ΔVWC. This suggests that sensor-based feedback irrigation systems can be used for greenhouse crop production when considerations are given to factors such as the magnitude of microclimate variation, crop species and its sensitivity to water stress, and growing substrate.

Análise da Variação Microclimática em Diferentes Níveis de Fragmentação (Analysis of Microclimate Variation at Different Levels of Fragmentation)

A fragmentação da vegetação inserida no ambiente urbano, decorrente da ocupação desordenada do solo, gera transformações significativas na dinâmica dos fatores termodinâmicos. Este trabalho analisa o sistema microclimático urbano, subsistema termodinâmico da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em diferentes níveis de fragmentação. Foram realizadas coletas de dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, em três pontos com diferentes fragmentações, durante os períodos: chuvoso (março a agosto) e seco (setembro a fevereiro). Também foi avaliado o nível de estresse térmico e foi efetuada a classificação dos tipos de cobertura de solo em cada ponto monitorado, resultando em nove classes, de acordo com a percentagem da presença de vegetação, de materiais permeáveis e de materiais impermeáveis, tendo sido utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os resultados demonstraram que os diferentes níveis de fragmentação da Mata Atlântica, no espaço urbano da UFPB, têm alterado o campo térmico, e consequentemente alterado também o conforto térmico desse espaço. A B S T R A C T The fragmentation of vegetation inserted in the urban environment, resulting from the disorderly occupation of soil, generates significant transformation in the dynamics of the thermodynamic factors. This paper analyzes the urban microclimate system, thermodynamic subsystem at the Federal University of Paraiba, in different levels of fragmentation. Temperature data collection and relative humidity were held at three points with different fragmentation during periods: rainy (March to August) and dry (September to February). It also assessed the level of thermal stress and it was performed the classification of the soil cover types at each point monitored, resulting in nine classes, according to the percentage of the presence of vegetation, for permeable materials and impervious materials, having been used quantitative and qualitative methods. The results demonstrated that the different levels of fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest, in the urban space from UFPB, have changed the thermal field, and consequently also changed the thermal comfort of this space. Keywords: Microclimate, fragmentation levels, UFPB