Context and Development of the Coastal Marine Environmental Management In Colombia

In Colombia, in order to meet the challenges of coastal marine management and responding to international commitments, it was adopted in 2000 the “National Environmental Policy for the Sustainable Development of Ocean Spaces and Coastal and Insular Zones of Colombia - PNAOCI ”, which has an ecosystem approach and as a conceptual framework, the integrated management of coastal zones -MIZC (or integrated coastal management - MCI / integrated coastal management - GCI), seeking to balance environmental protection and economic development, to contribute to the Physical ordering of the territory (Territorial Ordering), from the environmental ordering. For this, criteria were defined to guide the definition of the coastal zone in the country and spatial units (Coastal Environmental Units – UACs, acronym in Spanish) were delimited, as continuous geographical areas, involving land and sea space, with clearly defined ecosystems, which they require a unified visualization and management that brings together local and subregional territorial entities; in addition to consolidating over 20 years, a conceptual, political, regulatory, technical and operational support. In the legal context, as of Law 1450 of 2011, the generation of normative support regarding the UACs and the Plans for the management and integrated management of coastal environmental units (POMIUAC, acronym in Spanish) was promoted, as a planning instrument (Decree 1120 of 2013, compiled in Decree 1076 of 2015); Likewise, based on practical cases, a methodological framework was built embodied in a technical guide for the preparation of the POMIUAC, adopted by Resolution 768 of 2017. On the other hand, although the advances in the coastal marine environmental regulation in Colombia are oriented under the MIZC, given the similarities in terms of definition, spatial scope, scope and methodology, that they have with marine spatial planning (PEM), it can be said that these processes developed in Colombia under the MIZC scheme contribute to the development of the PEM concept In the country, and in the opposite case, practical EMP exercises that are addressed could complement the advances that the country has made in this area under the policy and regulatory framework that supports it.

Identificação e Classificação do relevo do município de São Martinho da Serra – RS

The relief is one of the main definers of the environmental units, so that its compartmentalization is closely related to the distribution of the other attributes of landscape genesis. The objective of this study is to establish a division of the relief of the municipality of São Martinho da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul. Cartographic bases in digital format associated with the Geographic Information System were used, through automated methods and with the integration of morphometric variables. For the definition of the relief forms, the combined analysis of the morphometric attributes amplitude and slope was considered, identifying flat areas, gentle hills of altitude, rolling hills, association of hills with large hills and buttes and isolated buttes. The relief elements were obtained through the automatic technique that consists of the analysis of the gray level of a central cell and its neighbors, determining topographic differences. The identified elements are flat, peak, ridge, shoulder, spur, slope, hollow, footslope, valley and pit. For the classification of the forms of the slopes, the profile and plane of curvature of the slopes were used, defining 4 geomorphometric units defined as Unit I convex-convergent, Unit II concave-convergent, Unit III convex-divergent and Unit IV concave-divergent. In general, the methodology used obtained satisfactory results, allowing a quick and consistent analysis of the relief of the municipality.

Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor Untuk Menentukan Kelayakan Keluarga Penerima Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (Studi Kasus : Kelurahan Karya Jaya)

Non-cash Food Assistance (BPNT) is food social assistance in the form of non-cash. In its implementation, this program still encounters a number of obstacles, one of which is in the sub-optimal distribution of aid in several regions, including Karya Jaya Village. This is because the Ministry of Social Affairs is not optimal in determining BPNT recipients. One way to solve this problem is by utilizing one of the data mining concepts, namely the classification technique with the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Where KPM data previously only accumulated can be used as useful information, one of which is to predict the eligibility of BPNT recipients in the next period. The results of this research are in the form of information on the results of predictions of appropriate KPM as BPNT recipients in 2021 and Local Environmental Units (SLS) which are the most receiving regions. This information can be used as evaluation material for the Ministry of Social Affairs in determining the more targeted BPNT recipients. The prediction results of BPNT recipients in Karya Jaya Village in 2021 are 511 recipients with an accuracy rate of 75.79%, 76.17% Precision, 89.24% Recall, and 82.19% F-measure. And it can be seen that the most BPNT recipient categories are in SLS RW 005, namely 74 recipients. Where there are variables that most influence, namely sta_kis

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING AND LAND USE AND LAND COVER IN VALE DOS VINHEDOS DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN - RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL BY GEOTECHNOLOGIES

The objective of this study was to investigate the land use and land cover patterns in the region Vale dos Vinhedos designation of origin and to relate them to the geomorphological mapping aiming to contribute to the implementation, monitoring and management of the areas intended to Geographical Indications for wines and sparkling wines. For this purpose, the geomorphology and the classes of land cover and land use were mapped. Both mappings were carried out using geotechnologies techniques. The shape pattern similar to high Hills is the most representative in the study area, occupying 77.13%. In the mapping of land use and land cover, the most representative class is forests (native or not), occupying 36% of the study area. The intersection between of the geomorphological mapping with land use and land cover classes resulted in the identification of morpho-environmental units.

Definición de Unidades Ambientales de Análisis (UAA): metodología socioeconómica para la zonificación ambiental de determinados ecosistemas marino-costeros

The purpose of environmental zoning is to improve environmental management and the sustainable management of the coastal and marine ecosystems. This zoning can be performed by using methods such as participative zoning, COLMIZC, and the method used in the Decision Support System (DSS) called “Software MARXAN”. The methods present advantages and disadvantages. However, they all require an input of detailed primary or secondary data, and biotic and physical information regarding the ecosystem. Thus, this study employs a method that was the result of the analysis of different methods, and that enables suitable environmental zoning of the marine-coastal ecosystem (e.g. mangroves, seagrasses, coral reef, etc.) without detailed biophysical information. Its main characteristic is the definition Environmental Units ofAnalysis (EUA), as units that have been considered as homogenous regions that can be defined from different aspects such as ecosystem size or distribution, and socioeconomic and cultural aspects (Ospino-Sepulveda et al., 2017b). Having defined the EUA, it is possible to map specific ecosystem and consider other important environmental elements, which sometimes are not considered important when using other methods. As a result of this work, 14 EUA were obtained in La Guajira and 14 EUA in Chocó for marine-coastal areas in the Colombian Caribbean. The application of socio-economic, socio-cultural and biotic criteria to EUA defined zones for protection, restoration, and development of sustainable economic activities. We hope that the method adopted in this work will, in the future, be considered as an alternative for the environmental zoning of ecosystems marine-coastal areas.

Assessment of integrated index of environmental units of the transport system

Transport-technological complex environmental impact, drivers and participants in the transport process exhaust gases, products of wear of tires, road surface, brake pads and discs and other harmful substances.. Proposed air pollution on roads and highways to estimate the complex index of atmospheric pollution transport and technological complex (APITTC).

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF ISMARIDA LAKE DURING HOLOCENE (N. GREECE)

In this research, the geomorphological and environmental changes of Lake Ismarida during Holocene are studied. Ismarida is located 20Km south of Komotini city and 5Km NNE of the archeological site of ancient Stryme at Rhodope Province, (N. Greece). The analysis of geomorphological, paleontological, sedimentological and magnetic susceptibility data as well as the evaluation of 14C datings, showed that four environmental units are recognized in the lake sediments. The environment changed from shallow marine to open lagoonal of low energy (~5400-3400 years BP), to shallow marine to open lagoonal of high energy (~3400-3000 years BP), subsequently turned into brackish to lagoonal with fresh water inputs (~3000-2000 years BP), and finally formed to fluvial-terrestrial, until present time. The Lake Ismarida as it is known today was formed 2000 years BP on the isolated western part of th pre-Holocene valley between the deltaic deposits of the rivers Filiouris and Vosvozis.

El pensamiento geográfico en la percepción de riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos extremos: estudio de caso Mariel, Cuba

Los fundamentos y avances geográficos en el análisis de la percepción de los riesgos ambientales, en tanto proceso construido social y culturalmente, ponen de manifiesto las profundas interconexiones entre los sistemas socioeconómico, político, ambiental y cultural, generados en una región o comunidad, articulando diversidad de unidades geoespaciales (ambientales). El artículo refiere estudio de caso que revela el significado del conocimiento geográfico de los entornos de vida cotidiana del sujeto (individual y colectivo), para identificación de vulnerabilidades sociogeográficas, en aras de la minimización de riesgos hidrometeorológicos extremos, lo que aporta a las metodologías de estudios (de percepción) en fase de elaboración y perfeccionamiento en Cuba. ABSTRACT The geographic fundamentals and advances in the analysis of the perception of environmental risks, in socially and culturally developed processes, evidence the deep interconnections amongst socioeconomic, political, environmental and cultural systems generated in a region or community, thus articulating the diversity of the geospatial (environmental) units. This paper refers to a case study that reveals the meaning of geographical knowledge about the environment of daily life (individual and collective) in order to identify socio-geographic vulnerabilities in order to minimize extreme hydrometeorological hazards, which helps developing methodologies of study (perception) at the preparation and improvement stage in Cuba