Penerimaan Pendapatan Pajak Daerah di Daerah Kabupaten/Kota se Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 1997-2015

ABSTRACTThis article aims to explain the implementation of tax decentralization in Indonesia, in particular the study of the implementation of open list systems and closed list systems in the local tax collection of districts and municipality in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. In implementing tax decentralization, the Government of Indonesia implements an open list system and a closed list system in the collection of local taxes by autonomous regions. The research was conducted using qualitative strategy and enriched with quantitative analysis. More in-depth investigations conducted in districts and municipality in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta indicate that the implementation of this policy has not been able to reduce the income gap in local revenues derived from the components of local taxes received by districts and municipality. To reduce the revenue gap in local revenues from local taxes collected by district and municipality governments, it is necessary to transfer local taxation power on the basis of potential local taxes to district and municipality governments. The local tax base to be proposed must be owned by each local government. ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan desentralisasi perpajakan di Indonesia, khususnya kajian tentang penerapan sistem daftar terbuka dan sistem daftar tertutup pada pemungutan pajak daerah kabupaten dan kota di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dalam melaksanakan desentralisasi perpajakan, Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan sistem daftar terbuka dan sistem daftar tertutup dalam pemungutan pajak daerah oleh daerah otonom. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan strategi kualitatif dan diperkaya dengan analisis kuantitatif. Investigasi lebih mendalam yang dilakukan di kabupaten dan kota di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan ini belum mampu mengurangi kesenjangan pendapatan dalam pendapatan asli daerah yang bersumber dari komponen pajak daerah yang diterima kabupaten dan kota. Untuk mengurangi kesenjangan penerimaan penerimaan daerah dari pajak daerah yang dipungut oleh pemerintah kabupaten dan kota, maka diperlukan penyerahan kewenangan perpajakan daerah berdasarkan potensi pajak daerah kepada pemerintah kabupaten dan kota. Basis pajak daerah yang akan diusulkan harus dimiliki oleh masing-masing pemerintah daerah.

Local Taxation of Tourism in the Context of the Collaborative Economy – Case Study from the Czech Republic

Tourism management has undergone significant changes in recent years under the influence of two factors: the strengthening of the fiscal decentralization approach and the development of a collaborative economy that significantly affects the tourism market, both on the supply and demand side. Tourism taxes are one of the management tools on the local level. The paper focuses on innovation in the act on local charges and fees so that it meets the requirements of the current state and the expected development in the future, laying emphasis on the use of digital platforms in tourism. The proposed and accepted legal regulation will bring the Czech self-government many advantages such as i) extended powers for self-government; ii) increased revenues to the municipalities´ budgets; iii) the update of such groups of tourists that are exempted from local taxation, and iv) the liability to ensure local taxation for all types of objects providing short-term temporary accommodation.

Samorządowe dochody podatkowe w wybranych państwach Unii Europejskiej

The article looks at the issue of local taxation in 22 selected European countries, members of OECD, as well as the European Union member states. The author analyses the importance of local taxes for regional and local governments measured by the share of tax revenues received by these governments as a percentage of GDP and percentage of total tax revenues. She also presents the structure of local tax revenues. The study is based on the OECD revenue and taxes in Europe database.

BUSINESS AND LOCAL TAXATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

This article argues that weak local governments increase levels of taxation by “borrowing” institutional capacity from certain types of businesses. While many businesses lobby against taxation, businesses that are locally owned, nationally connected, and logistically complex build robust associations that support taxation. These types of businesses benefit from improvements in public infrastructure, so they empower their associations to monitor members’ tax compliance and to pressure officials to uphold their spending commitments. The article demonstrates the necessity of business support for taxation in the absence of state capacity by comparing two Philippine cities that differ in their ability to tax despite a number of similarities between them. The case studies show that tax increases co-varied with business support, and that business support waxed and waned depending on over-time variation in the capability of business associations to discourage tax evasion and to enforce official commitments to spend on infrastructure.