Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Technologies for Accessibility and Marketing in the Tourism Industry

The study investigated the roles of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for accessibility and marketing in tourism. Literature is reviewed in this exploratory study and examples of VR and AR for accessibility and marketing in the tourism industry are presented. The review was conducted with two perspectives: accessibility role and marketing role of VR and AR technologies in the tourism industry. As a result of reviewing, these technologies have both strengths and weaknesses for accessibility in tourism. VR has both strengths such as a secure environment, alternative access, and weaknesses such as user neglect, high cost. Similarly, AR has both strengths such as knowledge enrichment, enhancement of experience, and weaknesses such as high cost, lack of security. The high cost of both technologies restricts accessibility and marketing. Also, VR and AR have benefits as reducing strategy costs, attracting tourists with gamification strategies, ease of brand promotion, building brand loyalty, collecting data, and customized product development in tourism marketing.

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Burek P, Scherf N, Herre H. Ontology patterns for the representation of quality changes of cells in time. J Biomed Semantics 2019;10(1):16 https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13326-019-0206-4 Denaxas S, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Direk K, Fitzpatrick NK Fatemifar G, Banerjee A, Dobson RJB, Howe LJ, Kuan V, Lumbers RT, Pasea L, Patel RS, Shah AD, Hingorani AD, Sudlow C, Hemingway H. UK phenomics platform for developing and validating electronic health record phenotypes: CALIBER. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019;26(12):1545-59 https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/26/12/1545/5536916 Rector A, Schulz S, Rodrigues J-M, Chute CG, Solbrig H. On beyond Gruber: “Ontologies” in today's biomedical information systems and the limits of OWL. J Biomed Inform: X 2019 Jun 1;2:100002 https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/26/12/1545/5536916 Shen F, Zhao Y, Wang L, Mojarad MR, Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H. Rare disease knowledge enrichment through a data-driven approach. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019;19(1):32 https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12911-019-0752-9

The Development of Knowledge Enrichment Books Concerning Ice and Snow Physical Studies for High-School Students

This research aims to develop a knowledge-enrichment physics book of ice and snow that is worthy of use as an enrichment material on physics subject. This research is a research and development with an ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The developed book referred from the Central of Curriculum and Book guideline so that the developed book can be recommended as enrichment material for high-school students. The developed book uses communicative language, attractive illustrations, and information concerning ice and snow with updated science knowledge. The result by physics expert on the developed enrichment book is 94.12% with a category "very good," media expert 87.50% with a category "very good," and with the same category is also given by education expert who gave a score 92.04%. The result of the product trial test shows that students accept the developed enrichment books with "very good," which represent an average score of 90.06%. Based on the validation and product trials test, it concluded that the enrichment book titled “Ice and Snow” are worthy to be used as enrichment materials on physics.