Light Deficiency Inhibits Growth by Affecting Photosynthesis Efficiency as well as JA and Ethylene Signaling in Endangered Plant Magnolia sinostellata

The endangered plant Magnolia sinostellata largely grows in the understory of forest and suffers light deficiency stress. It is generally recognized that the interaction between plant development and growth environment is intricate; however, the underlying molecular regulatory pathways by which light deficiency induced growth inhibition remain obscure. To understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant response to shading caused light deficiency, we performed photosynthesis efficiency analysis and comparative transcriptome analysis in M. sinostellata leaves, which were subjected to shading treatments of different durations. Most of the parameters relevant to the photosynthesis systems were altered as the result of light deficiency treatment, which was also confirmed by the transcriptome analysis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses illustrated that most of differential expression genes (DEGs) were enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways. Light deficiency may have accelerated leaf abscission by impacting the photosynthesis efficiency and hormone signaling. Further, shading could repress the expression of stress responsive transcription factors and R-genes, which confer disease resistance. This study provides valuable insight into light deficiency-induced molecular regulatory pathways in M. sinostellata and offers a theoretical basis for conservation and cultivation improvements of Magnolia and other endangered woody plants.

Aspects Regarding Prophylaxis of Scoliosis Attitudes by Specific Means of Basketball

This paper subscribes the efforts to promote youth health and the prevention of osteo-musculo-articular disorders in their professional career. Physical exercise represents the central pillar in preventing the spine deficiency attitudes. Rendering efficient the prevention methods for the deficient postural attitudes requires an effort to anticipate the potential adverse effects of the new technologies on the health and safety of the young people. The paper’s aim is to make known the diversification of the kinetic and prophylactic means and of those for recovering the light deficiency posture attitudes (scoliosis) by developing programs which use basketball means. Enriching the kinetic programs through various basketball means, constitutes a necessity for executing, developing and improving the normal motor functions, but also for the re-educating the deficient ones.