EEN TAALKUNDIGE ALS INTERNATIONAAL ONDERNEMER

A Linguist As International Entrepreneur M.J. de Goeje and the Annals of al-Tabari (1872-1901) Modern-day scientists and humanities scholars are often expected to possess personality traits, skills, and virtues typically associated with entrepreneurs. These include (but are not limited to) a willingness to take risks, the ability to lead a diverse team of collaborators, and a flexible mindset. The roots of the ideal of the entrepreneurial scholar, however, are older. In this article, I investigate the realization of Michael Jan de Goeje’s al-Tabari edition in the last decades of the nineteenth century. To finance this ambitious endeavour and to successfully gather and manage a team of scholarly and non-scholarly collaborators, De Goeje needed to possess all the traits, skills, and virtues mentioned above. This case study demonstrates how an entrepreneurial spirit could be an asset for ambitious nineteenth-century scholars. At the same time, it illustrates one of the ways in which seemingly modern ideals of scholarship build on existing ones.

International Entrepreneurship and Growth

Globalization allows not only the international expansion of multi-national companies (MNCs) but also the growing success of early internationalizing firms, who go global and succeed in multiple foreign markets at birth or early in their operation as part of their early growth strategy. This chapter focuses on these early internationalising firms and will help you understand how these firms excel with their performance in competitive global markets. You should then be able to: Understand the globalization influences, the emergence of early internationalized firms; Understand and explain the theoretical foundation of international entrepreneurship; Identify different motivations for international entrepreneurs; Examine the characteristics and traits of an international entrepreneur; Build international entrepreneurial capabilities for starting and growing an international venture.

Understanding America Better A Ten-book Challenge

Eleven Americans, including a publisher, an international entrepreneur, two librarians, an historian, an art designer, a real estate agent, an author, an academic, an IT consultant and a bibliophile, were asked to choose which ten books they would recommend to a new arrival in the United States. Their target was defined as literate in English, well read, and with an intelligent outsider's knowledge of the United States. The participants, who made their choices unbeknown to one another, were invited to annotate their choices. The result is a kaleidoscope of views and arguments, with surprisingly little overlap, reflecting the endless diversity of the subject. The earliest of the 87 titles recommended is dated 1786, the most recent 2011. They include the famous and the obscure, scholarly and popular, tomes and light reading, poetry and essays, history and biography, science and sociology.

A MULTI-COUNTRY COMPARISON OF PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS, INDUSTRY EFFECTS, AND PERFORMANCE IN ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS

This paper examines the relationship between industry effects, environmental perceptions, and firm performance in a multi-country sample of entrepreneurial firms. Using a sample of 1045 finalists in Ernst & Young's International "Entrepreneur of the Year" competition, we examined whether environmental constructs that have been studied and validated in North American entrepreneurship research were generalizable to firms in fifteen countries located in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Using measures common to North American entrepreneurship research; we identified two environmental dimensions in subsamples of North American (United States and Canada) and non-North American firms: dynamism and hostility. However, while the constructs were identified in both subsamples, they also were not significantly associated with firm performance. We conclude the paper by suggesting this lack of environmental perception-firm performance relationship may be attributable to an entrepreneurial mindset that focuses on identifying and recognizing specific opportunities rather than responding to general characteristics of the external environment.