QUALITATIVE COMPONENT IN THE WORK OF PROCEDURAL ENTITIES AS A FACTOR OF EFFICIENCY OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Every human activity, regardless of its nature, type and other specifics, strives to achieve the highest possible efficiency. In that sense, it is necessary to observe the tendency of the efficiency of criminal proceedings in terms of clarifying and resolving certain criminal matters, as well as making a court decision. The efficiency of the criminal procedure is directly manifested and articulated through the criminal procedure activities that are undertaken by the criminal procedure subjects during the realization of the criminal procedure task. The intention of the authors is to recognize, identify and emphasize the key or most important aspects of the qualitative component in the work of the main and secondary criminal procedure subjects on which the efficiency of the criminal procedure directly depends. Also, attention and interest are focused on the mutual relationship, interaction and opposition of two tendencies, namely tendencies of efficiency of criminal procedure and tendencies of protection of basic human rights and freedoms with special reference to meeting the standard of proof in different phases of undertaking criminal proceedings.

FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP, INTERACTION AND CONTRADICTIONS OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE ROMANO-GERMANIC LEGAL FAMILY

В статье приводятся промежуточные результаты исследования в области системы юридической ответственности стран континентального права. Дана общая характеристика романо-германской правовой семьи. Сформулированы общетеоретические положения относительно специфики закрепления и динамике юридической ответственности в странах континентального права. Приводятся правовые позиции публичных органов России по вопросу о месте и роли судебного прецедента в механизме реализации ответственности. Названы особенности системы юридической ответственности в отдельных странах исследуемой правовой семьи (Германии, Франции, Австрии). Тhe article presents the interim results of research in the field of the system of legal liability of countries of continental law. The general characteristic of the Romano-Germanic legal family is given. General theoretical provisions regarding the specifics of consolidation and dynamics of legal liability in the countries of continental law have been formulated. The legal positions of the public authorities of Russia on the place and role of the judicial precedent in the mechanism of liability realization are given. The features of the system of legal liability in individual countries of the studied legal family (Germany, France, Austria) are named.

Pengukuran Aktivitas Pemasaran pada Media Sosial Instagram

This study aims to measure and validate the variable constructs of marketing activity in Instagram social media. The results of this study will be very meaningful for the study and implementation of measurement of marketing activity in Instagram social media because currently Instagram is a social media that has a large customer base and has activity business therein. This study uses a questionnaire as a means of collecting data that is sent online. The population in this study were social media users who had done online transactions on Instagram social media as many as 352 respondents’ data were collected which were then performed statistical calculations. Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were conducted to measure marketing activities on Instagram social media. The results recommend that the variable marketing activity on Instagram social media can be measured through 6 dimensions consisting of 20 indicator items. These dimensions are visual communication, relationship interaction, delivery of information, recommendations, personalization, and modern elements. All these dimensions and indicators are in construct and consistency declared valid for measuring Instagram social media marketing activities.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan memvalidasi konstruk variabel aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram. Hasil penelitian ini akan sangat berarti untuk kajian dan implementasi pengukuran aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram karena saat ini instagram merupakan media sosial yang memiliki basis pelanggan yang banyak dan terdapat aktivitas bisnis di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data yang dikirimkan secara online. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pengguna media sosial yang pernah melakukan transaksi online di media sosial Instagram sebanyak 352 data responden berhasil terkumpul yang kemudian dilakukan penghitungan statistik. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dan Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dilakukan untuk mengukur aktivitas pemasaran dalam media sosial instagram. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa variable aktivitas pemasaran pada media sosial instagram dapat diukur melalui 6 dimensi yang terdiri dari 20 item indikator. Dimensi tersebut adalah komunikasi visual, interaksi relasi, penyampaian informasi, rekomendasi, personalisasi, dan unsur modern. Kesemua dimensi dan indikator tersebut secara konstruk dan konsistensi dinyatakan valid untuk mengukur aktivitas pemasaran media sosial instagram.

Legal responsibility in the legal system of Russia: some research results and project prospects

The article contains the most important conclusions and results from a project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, on which a team of authors has been working since 2019. The features of the relationship, interaction and existing contradictions between legal responsibility and the legal system are determined. The existing contradictions between the doctrinal conclusions about the principles of responsibility and their implementation in the current system of legal norms and law enforcement practice have been investigated. The practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is generalized and its role in the mechanism of identifying legal defects of the institution of legal responsibility is established.

DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE AND VALUES OF TEACHERS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTINUOUS SELF-EDUCATION

The article deals with the spiritual culture and values ​​of teachers in the system of lifelong self-education. The spiritual culture of the individual is a system of worldviews and beliefs that are realized in relation to themselves, other people and the world around them. This is an essential basis for the development of future professionals. The values ​​of the teacher can be a source of motivation, action planning, constructive guidelines of consciousness. It is usually based on the ideals of Goodness, Beauty, Truth, and Love. It defines the norms of the individual and usually has an individual and a social framework. It can be the basis for addressing the purpose of man, the meaning of life, the highest achievements of mankind, which determine the success of society: economic, ideological, cultural, social, political, etc. Determining the level of development of spiritual culture and values ​​of teachers, it is found that there is a relationship, interaction, mutual determination between the level of development of a personal and professional component of spiritual culture and need-emotional orientation of personality, spiritual potential, value orientation. There is an average correlation between the development of the spiritual culture of teachers and orientation, character, communication, intelligence. There is a high correlation between the development of spiritual culture and self-awareness (0,734) and orientation (0,625) of teachers. It is noted that the psychological peculiarities of the development of teachers’ values should be taken into consideration. Psychological peculiarities are interconnected with cognitive, emotional, motivational and volitional processes. The actualization of higher mental functions of the individual and the psychological mechanisms of spiritual development of the individual is of great importance as well.

On the problem of technical measures in the system of measures to ensure information security

In theory and in practice, there is a problem of removing uncertainty in the implementation of technical measures due to the unclear right-hand regulation of classification of measures to ensure the security of data automatically processed in information systems. In the article, based on the application of set theory, it is proposed to remove this uncertainty by selecting groups of measures to ensure the security of information. Information protection in the Federal law "on information, information technologies and information protection" is the adoption of legal, organizational and technical measures. However, in practice, in the system of measures to ensure the information security of objects of protection, they are found not only in a "pure" form, but also in a close relationship, interaction with each other (organizational-legal, organizational-technical, technical-legal), and very often can not be implemented independently.

‘As if it Was Something Spoken by a Friend’: The Study of Digital Vote-Canvassing Networks on Facebook During the 2013 Bangkok Gubernatorial Election Campaign

Adapting the idea of the traditional vote-canvassing network for the analysis of electoral politics in the digital arena and using the concept of ‘two-steps flow’, this paper explores the way in which Facebook was used to establish and develop ‘digital vote-canvassing networks’ during the 2013 Bangkok gubernatorial election campaign, which was the latest and a completed election in Thailand. This paper attempts to answer the question ‘How was the relationship among the individuals who were part of the candidates’ networks on social networking sites developed during the 2013 Bangkok gubernatorial election campaign?’ This research used multimodal analysis to determine the two main contenders’ strategy in expanding their Facebook network during the 2013 Bangkok gubernatorial election campaign. This research also conducted a total of 14 semi-structured interviews with Thai politicians, election candidates and their public relations personnel to examine the significant of relationship, interaction and spreadability of content on SNSs during the election campaign. This paper argues that the development of relationships among people connected to the digital vote-canvassing networks was integrated through the coordination and dissemination of campaign content on Facebook to enhance the electoral ties between candidates, their followers and followers’ friends, who might or might not be voters of the election. Vote-canvassing systems become ‘digital’ when a candidate’s public relations personnel acted as core vote-canvassers who manage and transmit campaign messages on the candidate’s Facebook page on behalf of the candidate, while the candidate’s followers interacted and spread the candidate’s campaign message to their own networks, enabling more Facebook users, who are connected to candidates’ Facebook page, in one way or another, to be exposed to the campaign content. However, there is no guarantee of votes in the digital vote-canvassing network.