Application of an Improved Immune Algorithm in Generation Expansion Planning

Proposed one kind of improvement artificial immunization algorithm calculates the electrical power system generation expansion planning, this algorithm maintained the basic immunity algorithm comprehensive search ability, also the concept which is apart from through the introduction vector causes the immunity algorithm theoretically to guarantee the understanding the multiplicity. Through the simulation experiment computed result indicated this algorithm is feasible. And so on compares with the heredity algorithm, this algorithm overall situation search ability strong, the convergence rate is quick.

Based on Improvement Immunity Algorithm Electrical Power System Optimal Power Flow Computation

Proposed one kind of improvement artificial immunization algorithm calculates the electrical power system most superior tidal current, this algorithm maintained the basic immunity algorithm comprehensive search ability, also the concept which is apart from through the introduction vector causes the immunity algorithm theoretically to guarantee the understanding the multiplicity. Through the IEEE-30pitch point system computed result indicated this algorithm is feasible. And so on compares with the heredity algorithm, this algorithm overall situation search ability strong, the convergence rate is quick.

Coastal ship traffic: a significant introduction vector for potentially harmful dinoflagellates in eastern Canada

We examined the risk of introduction associated with potentially toxic or otherwise harmful algae (HA) or nonindigenous species (NIS) of dinoflagellates in ballast water from 63 commercial ships visiting ports of eastern Canada in 2007–2009. Ship categories included transoceanics undergoing ballast water exchange (BWE) and coastal ships with or without BWE. Of 159 species of dinoflagellates observed in Lugol-preserved samples, 15 were potential HA (six Dinophysis spp.) and 46 were NIS (including three HA). We found at least one species of HA in 81% of all ships examined, and maximum cell concentrations reached nearly 4000 cells·L–1. Coastal nonexchanged tankers carried the greatest cell concentrations of HA. NIS dinoflagellates were found in 56% of ships, significantly more in ships with BWE. There was no evidence that ships with BWE contained significantly fewer taxa or lower concentrations of HA dinoflagellates, indicating that BWE is not efficient in controlling the introduction of these organisms. In fact, BWE promoted the transport of NIS dinoflagellates, possibly because of the wide distribution of several of these species. Coastal ship traffic is a significant introduction pathway for HA (ships with and without BWE) and NIS (ships with BWE) dinoflagellates in eastern Canada.