The Effect of Different Additives on the Hydration and Gelation Properties of Composite Dental Gypsum

Dental mold gypsum materials require fine powder, appropriate liquidity, fast curing, and easy-to-perform clinical operations. They require low linear expansion coefficient and high strength, reflecting the master model and facilitating demolding. In this article, the suitable accelerators and reinforcing agents were selected as additives to modify dental gypsum. The main experimental methods used were to compare the trends of linear expansion coefficients of several commercially available dental gypsum products over 72 h and to observe the cross-sectional microstructure of cured bodies before and after dental gypsum modification using scanning electron microscopy. By adjusting the application of additives, the linear expansion coefficient of dental gypsum decreased from 0.26% to 0.06%, while the flexural strength increased from 6.7 MPa to 7.4 MPa at 2 h. Formulated samples showed good stability and gelation properties with linear expansion completed within 12 h. It is indicated that the performance of dental gypsum materials can be improved by adding additives and nanomaterials, which provided a good reference for clinical preparation of high-precision dental prosthesis.

Treatment Approaches Based on Neuroscientific Data in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychological disorder that can be very disabling. Recent increasing neuroscientific data about OCD has provided important evidence that has started to change our knowledge about treatment. This paper offers an applied perspective of neuroscience on diagnosis and treatment preparation for people with OCD disease. The main aim is to enhance clinician-researcher communication to promote the conversion of developments in neuroscience research into better treatment for patients with OCD. Methods: A PubMed search was performed using the keywords "obsessive-compulsive disorder", "neuroimaging methods", "neuroscience", and "neurological treatment". The search provided sufficient articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 1995 to 2021. The data were obtained from these various sources and were included in this review. Results: The advancement of neurotherapeutic techniques targeting the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is the subject of a circuit dysregulation system. Also, according to neuroimaging studies, reductions in D2 receptors (about -18%), GABAA receptors (-15%), and cingulate 5-HT1A receptors (-18%) in patients with OCD were reported compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: The result suggests that DA, 5-HT, and GABA have considerable roles in anxiety- and compulsion-related disorders such as OCD. For patients with OCD, these core neuroscience themes collectively guide formulation and clinical preparation.

Pengabdian Peningkatan Keterampilan Menyusun Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) bagi Guru-Guru di Aceh Timur

The purpose of this activity is to train teachers in East Aceh District so that they are able to understand why it is important to implement PTK and teachers can compile PTK reports using learning models. The method of implementing community service activities consists of classical and discussion which includes several stages, namely; 1) submission of systematic material for proposal writing, 2) material regarding, 3) technical implementation of research, 4) clinical preparation of PTK, 5) assistance for research implementation and 6) preparation of final research reports. Based on the results of the activity it can be seen; 1) PTK is very important for teachers to understand as professional development of teachers through three things, namely; research, write and develop the profession in a sustainable manner and include learning models that can affect student learning outcomes, 2) The implementation of training and mentoring for teachers in East Aceh District can have a direct impact on increasing knowledge about the preparation of PTK by using models learning, has provided technical knowledge for teachers in order to compile PTK reports, 3) Local government response is needed, especially the Education Office in carrying out similar activities so that participants who take part in these activities are fulfilled seeing that the number of teachers in East Aceh Regency is high, 4) partnership and cooperation between the Indonesian Academy of Banking Finance, East Aceh Regency and SDN East Aceh Regency.

Evaluation of A Simulation-Based Clinical Preparation Program by Final-Year Medical Students: A Qualitative Study on Emergency Patient Management

Background: The most common problem encountered by medical students is the management of unstable emergency patients. Simulation-based education (SBE) is widely used for improving the management of unstable patients. In this study, the aim is to evaluate the SBE Clinical Preparation Program and to understand whether our final-year medical students could transfer the skills acquired in the program to clinical encounters in their emergency medicine clerkship, with the aim of easing this transition.Materials and methods: Final-year medical students at the Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Faculty of Medicine and their educators were included in this qualitative study. After participating in the SBE Clinical Preparation Program for two weeks, interns completed a two-month emergency medicine clerkship. At the end of the clerkship, four focus group discussions with 5 or 7 interns (n=24) and in-depth interviews with two educators were held. The digital audio recordings were transcribed verbatim within 48 hours of the interviews. The texts were reviewed by two different researchers, and thematic codes were identified.Results: In this study, the effectiveness of the SBE Clinical Preparation Program was evaluated. The participants stated that the program prepared them very well for critical patient management and that the content of the program was sufficient and comprehensive. The trainers stated that the simulation program prepared the students well for the clinic and provided a strong foundation, which was very important, but the students had to overcome an emotional barrier when approaching real patients, a process that took one or two weeks. The characteristics of the students (motivation, anxiety levels), the quality of the processes experienced during the program (seeing a sufficient number of patients, communication and interaction with other healthcare professionals and patients) and the environment/context in which these practices took place (learning climate) were the important factors influencing the transfer of the learning outcomes to the clinical environment.Conclusion SBE transition programs are effective in preparing students for the management of critical patients and facilitate the transition to the clerkship. SBE programs are not sufficient by themselves and should be developed in a continuous and integrated manner with training programs in actual clinical settings.

977. An Innovative 3-Year Medical Student Spiral Curriculum in Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infectious Diseases

Background By 2050, infections due antimicrobial-resistant organisms are predicted to account for 10 million deaths/year worldwide. Physician antibiotic prescribing patterns are a significant factor in the development of antibiotic resistance organisms. Early, continual, and integrated medical student education may help students develop a framework for responsible antimicrobial use as they develop prescribing patterns. Methods We designed a spiral antimicrobial stewardship curriculum (defined as revisiting the same concept but with increasing complexity) for medical students in years 2–4. Data provided by the Graduation Questionnaire (GQ) administered by the US Association of American Colleges were used. We compared student responses during the curriculum rollout in 2013–2015 between students at our institution and other schools. We also surveyed graduating seniors in 2015 about antimicrobial stewardship training. Results Using GQ data for the class of 2013 (preintervention), a similar proportion of UCSF medical students compared with other US medical students rated microbiology clinical preparation as excellent (43.6% vs. 45.1%, P > 0.20). For the 2014 class, we developed interactive case-based sessions at the beginning of years 3 and 4. After this first intervention, a higher proportion of UCSF students rated the microbiology clinical preparation as excellent (51.3%) compared with responses at all schools (39.8%, odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.3, P = 0.013). For the class of 2015, we added content during the medicine clerkship and 1 week before graduation. For the 2015 class, an even higher proportion of UCSF students rated microbiology preparation as excellent (57.6%), compared with all schools (41.2%, OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.54–3.22, P < 0.0001). From our survey, 88% were very or extremely satisfied with antimicrobial stewardship training. Conclusion A spiral curriculum focusing on antimicrobial stewardship and infectious diseases increases student perception of clinical preparation prior to graduation. As the curriculum was incrementally introduced, students’ knowledge increased indicating a dose–response pattern. Based on these positive results, we plan to introduce more content throughout UME, and link to curriculum for GME and practicing clinicians. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Problems in Student Teaching

Currently, education schools across the nation are reforming teacher education programs in light of the newly developed common core standards, shifting accreditation principles, new measures of teacher performance, and the pressing concern that in-service teachers are woefully under-prepared for the realities of classrooms. During this time of wide spread programmatic reform, we present a list of considerations that are particularly germane to the clinical preparation of student teachers. Our list includes common practices that limit learning opportunities for student teachers and detract from the meaningfulness of assessing student teachers. We posit three approaches for education schools to consider as they engage in program revisions.

Evaluation of a Caries Detecting Software System

The diagnostic accuracy of caries detecting software that assesses density in digital radiographs was questioned. Analysis of radiographs of extracted teeth using Logicon revealed a deviation in specificity for caries from visual examination of the teeth as well as from their radiographic images. Subsequent preparation of teeth similar to a clinical preparation for a restoration revealed a marked deviation from the Logicon analysis. Radiographic interpretation of early caries and resultant treatment decisions are a multifaceted complex process that is not simplified by desired but unreliable current computerized technique.