“… the thought that I could flip and die today made me feel anxious”: A study of the experienced emotions of novice white-water kayakers

Learning to white-water kayak often takes place in a stressful environment. This challenges participants’ experiences of the activity, causes emotional responses, and can affect their learning. The purpose of this study is to explore participants’ experienced emotions during an educational white-water kayaking programme. Fifty-eight outdoor students from New Zealand participated. The participants responded to a bespoke questionnaire exploring fleeting somatic arousal and emotion on five different occasions during a kayaking day. Participants’ emotions changed during the activity. Excitement was significantly higher than anxiety across the day. Anxiety was highest before starting the activity. No significant difference was found between the male and female participants’ emotions. A thematic analysis resulted in five themes describing the participants’ emotional experiences. Findings are discussed and related to theory and previous research. These findings present new insights regarding in-the-moment emotional perspectives during a white-water kayaking course for novices.

Composition and community structure of mangroves distributed on the east coast of Marajó Island, Brazil

Mangroves in the Amazon are influenced by several environmental conditions that determine the composition and structural development of the arboreal flora, which results in different distribution patterns. In this study, we sought to answer two questions: (1) what is the composition and structure of the mangroves near the mouth of the Amazon River in Marajó Island? (2) Are the fringe and inland mangroves more similar or dissimilar in terms of floristic composition? For this, we delimited a fringe zone and an inland zone about 1 km apart from each other. In each zone, we distributed five 400-m2 plots. The individuals were grouped into diameter and height classes and structural and phytosociological parameters were calculated. Ten species were recorded in the mangroves, of which seven are typical of white-water (várzea) and black-water (igapó) flooded forest ecosystems. We believed the adjacent ecosystems and the hydrological network are inducing the establishment of such species. The composition and structure of mangroves did not differ statistically between zones, and the degree of similarity may be a result of similar environmental factors in these zones such as low relief and high frequency of macrotides. We conclude that the vegetation of the studied mangroves has a major influence of the fluvial-marine system of the great rivers of the Amazon associated with a diversity of ecosystems that, together, generate greater floristic richness when compared to mangroves in other regions.

White Water Ranch Pollinator Enhancement Study Design v2

Field protocol for Whitewater Ranch wildflower patch enhancement study

White Water Ranch Pollinator Enhancement Study Design v1

Field protocol for Whitewater Ranch wildflower patch enhancement study

White Water Ranch Pollinator and Plant Surveys v1

This protocol is for plant and pollinator monitoring to evaluate the outcomes of habitat restoration.

Phylogeography of an Amazonian Cichlid supports strong structuration by water current and past evolution by vicariance associated to the Amazon's formation.

Amazonia is characterized by very heterogeneous riverscapes dominated by two drastically divergent water types: black (ion-poor, dissolved organic carbonate rich and acidic) and white (nutrient rich and turbid) waters. Recent phylogeographic and genomic studies have associated the ecotone formed by these environments to ecologically driven speciation in fish species. With the objective of better understanding the evolutionary forces behind the Amazonian Teleostean diversification, we sampled 240 Mesonauta festivus from 12 sites on a wide area of the Amazonian basin. These sites included three confluences of black and white water environments to seek for repeated evidences of ecological speciation at these ecotones. Our genetic dataset of 41,268 SNPs is contrasting with previous results and supports a low structuring power of water types. Conversely, we detected a strong pattern of isolation by unidirectional downstream water current and evidence of past events of vicariance potentially linked to the Amazon River formation and salt-water incursions that occurred 2.5 Mya. Using a combination of population genetic, phylogeographic analysis and environmental association models, we decomposed the spatial variance from the environmental genetic variance specifically to assess which evolutive forces have shaped inter-population differences in M. festivus’ genome. Our sampling design comprising four major Amazonian rivers and three confluences of black and white water rivers supports the possibility that past studies potentially confounded ecological speciation with a site effect unrepresentative of the full Amazonian watershed. While ecological speciation admittedly played a role in Amazonian fish species diversification, we argue that neutral evolutionary processes explain most of the divergence between M. festivus populations.

Control of malodorous gases emission from wet-end white water with hydrogen peroxide

White water is highly recycled in the papermaking process so that its quality is easily deteriorated, thus producing lots of malodorous gases that are extremely harmful to human health and the environment. In this paper, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the control of malodorous gases released from white water was investigated. The results showed that the released amount of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) decreased gradually with the increase of H2O2 dosage. Specifically, the TVOC emission reached the minimum as the H2O2 dosage was 1.5 mmol/L, and meanwhile, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) were almost completely removed. It was also found that pH had little effect on the release of TVOC as H2O2 was added, but it evidently affect-ed the release of H2S and NH3. When the pH value of the white water was changed to 4.0 or 9.0, the emission of TVOC decreased slightly, while both H2S and NH3 were completely removed in both cases. The ferrous ions (Fe2+) and the copper ions (Cu2+) were found to promote the generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) out of H2O2, enhancing its inhibition on the release of malodorous gases from white water. The Fe2+/H2O2 system and Cu2+/H2O2 system exhibited similar efficiency in inhibiting the TVOC releasing, whereas the Cu2+/H2O2 system showed better perfor-mance in removing H2S and NH3.

Menggali Potensi Wisata Alam Untuk Kegiatan Sport Tourism Di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Abstrak - Dalam dunia pariwisata banyak sekali jenis-jenis wisata salah satunya Sport Tourism atau wisata olah raga. Kabupaten Sleman salah satu contoh mempunyai potensi wisata alam yang dapat dipetakan untuk wisata olah raga atau sport tourism. Pada masa pandemi covid-19 dan pembatasan sosial terdapat kecenderungan masyarakat memanfaatkan waktu untuk berolahraga dengan tujuan meningkatkan imun, seperti jalan sehat, lari ataupun bersepeda ke spot-spot wisata yang tersebar diwilayah Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali potensi wisata di Kabupaten Sleman sudah menyediakan fasilitas Sport Tourism. Dalam penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif ini, peneliti mengangkat potensi wisata alam di Kabupaten Sleman yang memiliki wahana sport tourism. Hasilnya didapatkan data bahwa disisi utara terdapat lereng gunung Merapi tepatnya di bukit Klangon yang telah dikembangkan wisata olahraga berupa Mountain Bike untuk ajang kejuaraan lokal maupun tingkat nasional. Destinasi dikawasan wisata candi prambanan juga banyak digunakan untuk event nasional dan internasioanal sebagai wisata olah raga seperti marathon, road bike, jalan sehat, sepeda santai dan yoga. Disisi barat pada aliran sungai Progo yang mengalir di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman sudah dimanfaatkan juga untuk sport tourism olah raga arung jeram dan pada aliran sungai Opak di obyek wisata Lava Bantal Berbah Sleman juga digunakan untuk wisata river tubing dan sepeda santai. Kawasan lain yang tidak kalah menarik dalam mengembangkan sport tourism adalah perbukitan yang ada kecamatan Prambanan Sleman. Kawasan ini berada disisi timur Yogyakarta yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata baik alam maupun sejarah seperti Candi Boko, Tebing Breksi dan Spot Riyadi. Kawasan wisata ini masih dapat dikembangkan lagi untuk kegiatan wisata olahraga yang menarik wisatawan baik nasional maupun internsional, seperti sport lari lintas alam, marathon, mountain bike, sepeda santai dan jalan santai dengan menjelajahi rute perbukitan yang melewati obyek wisata tersebut. Kata Kunci : Potensi, Wisata Alam, Sport Tourism Abstract – In the world of tourism, there are many types of tourism, one of which is sport tourism. One example of Sleman Regency has the potential for natural tourism that can be mapped for sports tourism or sport tourism. During the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions, there is a tendency for people to use their time to exercise with the aim of increasing their immunity, such as healthy walks, running or cycling to tourist spots spread across the Yogyakarta area. The purpose of this research is to explore the tourism potential in Sleman Regency which has provided Sport Tourism facilities. In this qualitative descriptive study, the researcher raised the potential of natural tourism in Sleman Regency which has a sport tourism vehicle. The results obtained data that on the north side there is a slope of Mount Merapi, precisely on the Klangon hill, which has developed sports tourism in the form of Mountain Bikes for local and national championship events. Destinations in the Prambanan temple area are also widely used for national and international events as sports tourism such as marathons, road bikes, healthy walks, relaxing bicycles and yoga. On the west side, the Progo river that flows in the Sleman Regency area has also been used for sport tourism, white water rafting and the Opak river at the Lava Pillow Berbah tourism object, Sleman is also used for river tubing and relaxing bicycles. Another area that is no less interesting in developing sport tourism is the hills in the Prambanan sub-district of Sleman. This area is located on the east side of Yogyakarta which has many natural and historical tourist destinations such as Boko Temple, Breksi Cliff and Riyadi Spot. This tourist area can still be developed again for sports tourism activities that attract both national and international tourists, such as cross-country running sports, marathons, mountain bikes, leisurely bicycles and leisurely walks by exploring hilly routes that pass through these attractions.Keyword : Potential, Nature Tourism, Sport Tourism