Comparison of Labetalol and Nitroglycerine on Intraoperative Bleeding in Patients Who Underwent Dacryocystorhinostomy

The bleeding during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery is one of the main complications that led to the surgeon’s dissatisfaction and increased the duration of the operation. The current study aimed at comparing the effects of labetalol and nitroglycerine (TNG) on blood loss and the surgeon’s satisfaction during DCR. The current prospective and randomized study enrolled 60 patients candidate for DCR under local anesthesia and sedation and divided into two groups. When the surgeon dissatisfied with bleeding during the operation, patients in the labetalol group received labetalol infusion at a rate of 0.5-2 mg/kg and compared with the subjects in the TNG group that received TNG infusion at a rate of 0.1 µg/kg/min. Additionally, the surgical condition was assessed by the surgeon using the average category scale (ACS) and surgeon’s satisfaction by a scoring system. The average bleeding in the labetalol group was 140.5±24.5 ml versus 170.4±24.6 ml in the TNG group, respectively (P=0.001). The average category scale for the labetalol group was better than the TNG group during all the time of operation. The surgeon satisfaction score during the operation was more in the labetalol group (3.4 in the labetalol group versus 2.8 in the TNG group, respectively). Labetalol was better than TNG for controlling bleeding during DCR procedure because of decreasing surgical blood loss and optimum operative condition.

New product performance advantages for extending large, established fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) brands

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how the current size and structure of a branded product portfolio impacts new product performance for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), testing the long-standing proposition that extending a firm’s brand and product portfolio too far is a dangerous proposition that may damage the market performance of the firm’s new product launches. Design/methodology/approach Aspects associated with brand size and structure that may impact new product performance are operationalized along two key dimensions: within-category (scale) and cross-category (scope). The impact of the brand’s scale and scope on the sales performance of newly commercialized products by the brand is empirically investigated in the context of FMCG. Over 2,000 new products launched in 2009 and 2010 across 31 food and non-food FMCG product categories in the USA are included in the regression-based analysis. Findings The authors find strong evidence that brands with broader within-category scale and cross-category scope overall are associated with more successful new product introductions, and that these influences generally are driven more by increased product trial than by repeat or persistence. The authors argue that the higher new product performance observed for more established and proliferated brands may be attributed to advantages of firm product development abilities and product acceptance by the marketplace. Originality/value The current results serve to temper the strong cautions set forth in much of the marketing literature about the dangers of overextending the firm’s brand and product portfolio. These results also suggest that future research should be conducted to further understand more nuanced implications of how best to grow the scale and scope of the firm’s brand and product portfolio.

Abstract 204: Conventional vs. Compression-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Geriatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and conventional CPR (30:2, chest compression and rescue breathing) performed by bystanders are known to have similar outcomes in adults. This study aimed to investigate if this difference is applicable in geriatric populations as well. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study using the All-Japan Utstein Registry to enroll geriatric patients (≥75 years) who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest that was witnessed by bystanders in Japan from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. The primary outcome was favorable neurological function 1 month after the event, which was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category Scale score of 1 or 2. The secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 1-month survival, and favorable overall function 1 month after the event, which was defined as an Overall Performance Category Scale score of 1 or 2. Outcomes of compression-only CPR and conventional CPR were compared using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 58,072 enrolled patients, 13,248 (22.8%) received conventional CPR whereas 44,824 (77.2%) received compression-only CPR. Favorable neurological outcomes were achieved in 708 (5.3%) patients receiving CPR and 1799 (4.0%) patients receiving compression-only CPR. A crude analysis of neurologically favorable survival revealed superiority of conventional CPR [odds ratio (OR), 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–1.48; P < 0.001]], but it was no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.93–1.27; P = 0.29). Similarly, multivariable adjusted analysis of favorable overall function survival showed no significant difference (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92–1.26; P = 0.38) between conventional and compression-only CPR. Conventional CPR demonstrated better outcomes in multivariable adjusted analysis of ROSC and 1 month survival (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.22–1.40; P < 0.001 and OR, 1.13. 95% CI, 1.04–1.23; P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: The superiority of conventional CPR in geriatric populations was not proven. Thus, we conclude that compression-only CPR is an adequate means of resuscitation in geriatric populations.

Estimates of Relative Acceptability from Paired Preferences

The relative acceptability of a food or beverage is often of interest in a variety of different research topics. In humans, a 9-point category scale is typically used when the hedonic characteristics of several products are of interest. However, these scales are not consistently used by participants and therefore reliability is low. This paper outlines the effectiveness of four techniques (mElo, Thurstonian modeling, Bradley-Terry, and Friedman) to calculate numerical values for products based upon their performance in a paired preference paradigm. In this study, acceptance data from 4 separate studies were compared to numeric scores constructed from a paired preference paradigm. In general, numeric ratings compared constructed from paired comparisons correlated very well with the mean overall liking ratings. The relationship between these acceptance ratings and numerical preference ratings did show to be somewhat dependent on the type of food product. This study serves as a guide to those looking to further quantify paired preference data.

Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif IPA untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi Mikroorganisme SMP

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) untuk menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif IPA pada materi mikroorganisme yang layak di SMP, dan (2) untuk mengetahui kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif IPA dalam peningkatan pemahaman siswa pada materi mikroorganisme. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Alessi & Trollip. Desain pengembangan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga tahapan prosedur pengembangan, yang meliputi: (a) perencanaan, (b) desain, dan (c) pengembangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut. (1) Ahli materi menilai aspek pembelajaran dan aspek materi dengan kategori baik (skala 4,15), ahli media menilai aspek media dengan kategori baik (skala 4,2), dan siswa (pengguna) menilai aspek pembelajaran, aspek materi, dan aspek media dengan kategori sangat baik (skala 4,5), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk multimedia pembelajaran interaktif ini dinilai layak digunakan siswa SMP. (2) Hasil uji coba lapangan (hasil pretes dan postes) menunjukkan bahwa multimedia interaktif IPA ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi mikroorganisme.Kata kunci: multimedia pembelajaran interaktif, mikroorganisme DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA TO IMPROVING LEARNERS' UNDERSTANDING ON THE MICROORGANISMS TOPIC IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThis research aims to: (1) to produce an appropriate interactive learning multimedia of science for teaching on the microorganisms topic, for Junior High School students, and (2) to reveal the appropriate of interactive learning multimedia of science designed for teaching, toward the students understanding on the microorganisms topic. This development research refers to the stages developed by Alessi & Trollip. The development design used in this research is divided into 3 stages namely: (a) planning, (b) designing, and (c) developing. The results show the following results. (1) The material expert assessed the aspects of learning and material aspects with good category (scale 4.15), the media experts judged the aspects of the media in good category (scale 4.2), and students (user) assessed the aspects of learning, material, and media aspects with very good category (scale 4.5). Results suggest that interactive learning multimedia are considered good as a learning material for junior high school students. (2) The results of field trials (pretest and post test results) show that this medium is appropriate for improving learners' understanding on the microorganism topic.Keywords: interactive learning multimedia, microorganisms

Physical activity-equivalent label reduces consumption of discretionary snack foods

ObjectiveThe present research aimed to investigate the impact of the physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) front-of-pack label on consumption, prospective consumption and liking of familiar and unfamiliar discretionary snack foods.DesignIn a within-subject randomised design, participants tasted and rated liking (9-point hedonic scale) and prospective consumption (9-point category scale) of four different snack foods with four different labels (i.e. blank, fake, PACE, PACE doubled) and four control snack foods. The twenty snack foods were presented during two 45 min sessions (i.e. ten snack foods per session) which were separated by one week. The amount participants sampled of each snack food was measured.SettingThe study was conducted in the Centre for Advanced Sensory Sciences laboratory at Deakin University, Australia.SubjectsThe participants were 153 university students (126 females, twenty-seven males, mean age 24·3 (sd 4·9) years) currently enrolled in an undergraduate nutrition degree at Deakin University.ResultsWhen the PACE label was present on familiar snack foods, participants sampled 9·9 % (22·8 (sem 1·4) v. 25·3 (sem 1·5) g, P=0·03) less than when such label was not present. This was in line with a decreased prospective snack food consumption of 9·1 % (3·0 (sem 0·2) v. 3·3 (sem 0·2) servings, P=0·03). Such pattern was not seen in unfamiliar snacks.ConclusionsThe PACE label appears to be a promising way to decrease familiar discretionary snack food consumption in young, health-minded participants.

Oral clonidine: an effective adjuvant in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Background: A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Dexmedetomidine as a hypotensive agent in comparison to oral Clonidine in Endoscopic Nasal Surgery or Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS).Methods: Forty patients ASA I or II scheduled for Endoscopic Nasal Surgery were equally randomly assigned to receive either dexmedetomidine 1μg/Kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia followed by 0.5μg/Kg/h infusion during maintenance (Group D), or oral Clonidine (Group C) 2µg/kg with minimal water 1 hour prior starting of surgery. Rescue bolus doses of Propofol (10mg/dose) were given to maintain mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) between (50-70mmHg). General anesthesia was maintained with Isoflurane 1%-2%. The surgical field was assessed using Average Category Scale. Hemodynamic variables (MAP and HR) were recorded at 10 minutes interval.Results: Both group C and group D reached the desired MAP (50-70mmHg) with no intergroup differences in HR but a statistically significant lower MAP was noticed in group C. The quality of the surgical field in the range of MAP (50-70mmHg) were 2-3 as per average category Scale with significantly lower score in Group C. Mean intraoperative propofol consumption was significantly higher in group D than C group.Conclusions: Both Dexmedetomidine or oral clonidine with isoflurane are safe agents for controlled hypotension, but oral clonidine provides lower MAP and better surgical field. Compared with Dexmedetomidine, oral clonidine offers the advantage of less consumption of propofol.

KERJA LAYAK DORONG PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PARIWISATA DI KEDONGANAN DAN JIMBARAN BALI

The decent work has become an obligatory in the tourism industry. This work has been able to ensureproperly the needs of workers, families, and their social life, productive and prosperous. This researchfocuses on the study of generated effects of the decent work. Theoretical framework of the ILO decentwork (2009a) was used as the guidance framework to answer and find the actual implementation inthe tourism industry.The study used quantitative method as the basis of analysis towards the datawhich were collected through questionnaires. The result indicated that the effect of the decent work onthe development of tourism industry reached 68%. This result was in good enough category scale. Inthe scope of this value, the decent work showed the empirical reality gave further effect towards thetourism forms based on prosperity and sustainability