Research on Cooling Water Source Safety Measures in Water Intake Engineering of Coastal NPP

In view of the situation that large amounts of marine sewage and organisms enter into the cooling water intake system of a coastal NPP at BeiBu-bay, China, which affects the safe and stable operation of NPP, the optimization research on blockage prevention in the water intake engineering is carried out. Based on the statistical analysis of a large number of NPPs’ cooling water source safety incidents globally, the hydraulic characteristics of shell debris in water-intake open channel are studied first, and the source of shell debris in the drum filter at the water intake pump room is analyzed. Secondly, the water intake layout project scheme is optimized through the wave model test, which can effectively improve the wave cover in the water intake channel. At last, through the wave physical model test, the overall force of the network is studied under the combined action of wind, wave, flow and sewage, and the anchoring foundation which can guarantee the stable operation of the trash-intercepting network is optimized. By carrying out the optimization design of water intake engineering, reducing the waves in channel, reducing the possibility of marine sewage and organisms entering the channel, adding the trash-intercepting network facilities and forming effective cover. It can not only effectively avoid or reduce the impact of marine sewage and organisms on the cooling water source safety of NPPs, but also minimize the loss of marine organisms during the operation of NPPs.

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits

Tsunami, storm and flash-flood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210Pb profiles in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents reworked flash-flood deposits, which are characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash flood deposits

Tsunami, storm and flash event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore from Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identified in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti / Ca ratios and 210Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30 cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris, (2) cross lamination and (3) the appearance of rip-up clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82 cm could be attributed to individual storm events by using 210Pb dating in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms and could thus be securely differentiated from tsunami deposits. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize the storm deposits. The last classified type of event layer represents flash floods, which is characterized by a fining-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between the storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of rip-up clasts, mud, and terrigenous material within the storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between offshore storm and tsunami deposits.

Airborne Biogenic Particles in the Snow of the Cities of the Russian Far East as Potential Allergic Compounds

This paper presents an analysis of airborne biogenic particles (1 mkm–1 mm) found in the snow in several cities of the Russian Far East during 2010–2013. The most common was vegetational terraneous detritus (fragments of tree and grass leaves) followed by animal hair, small insects and their fragments, microorganisms of aeroplankton, and equivocal biological garbage. Specific components were found in samples from locations close to bodies of water such as fragments of algae and mollusc shells and, marine invertebrates (needles of sea urchins and shell debris of arthropods). In most locations across the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, and Ussuriysk), the content of biogenic particles collected in the winter did not exceed 10% of the total particulate matter, with the exception of Birobidzhan and the nature reserve Bastak, where it made up to 20%. Most of all biogenic compounds should be allergic: hair, fragments of tree and grass leaves, insects, and microorganisms.

PERILAKU TIANG BOR PENOPANG INFRASTRUKTUR PADA TANAH LUNAK AKIBAT BEBAN STATIK

Bored piles have been used to support transportation infrastructures (offices, a terminal building, power house, warehouses and workshop) in a harbor. The bored piles were penetrated into mostly old alluvial deposits and dilluvial deposits of very stiff marine clay with traces of shell debris. A bored pile was tested as part of this research program to verify the accuracy of the predicted pile capacities. The proposed static prediction capacity methods include Meyerhof, a, b and l methods. The results of the analysis show that Meyerhof method (1951) with inputs of laboratory test data provides closely agreement with static loading test results. The other methods give somewhat conservative prediction. This paper discusses bearing capacity analysis of bored piles based on soil characteristics and static loading test results. Results of the analysis indicate that the bored piles capable of resisting load transmitted from the upper structure. The research will be of interest to many practicing engineers using this kind of piles.