Investigation of Body Perceptions of Karate Athletes

Background: Sports are part of the social life we live in. Sports have an important role in the social, physical, mental and spiritual development of individuals. It has a significant effect on the individual's self-confidence, development of his character, being a social person, development of practical thinking ability, and mental and physical development. One of the ways used for the desired body structure is physical activity. They had the chance to reach a new physical appearance through physical activities. They have a new physical appearance and positive thoughts [1]. Self-perception is positively affected by participation in sports. From this point of view, examining it with different variables causes us to learn various ways to increase the effect of self-concept. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the body perceptions of karate athletes, gender, sport age, and generation levels. Place & Duration: Data was collected in Turkey. Study duration September 2019 to May 2020. Methods: The research group consisted of 303 people between the ages of 12 and 20 who practiced karate in Turkey. Data collection tools 'Personal Information Form' and 'Physical Self-Perception Inventory for Children and Adolescents' scale were used. The relationships between the body perceptions of karate athletes, gender, sport age and generation levels were examined. The obtained data were made according to Shapiro Wilk normality analysis and it was determined that all variables did not show normal distribution. All analyzes were performed non-parametrically Results: The differences in body perceptions of 303 karate athletes in Turkey according to gender, sport age and generation levels were examined in this study, no statistically significant difference was found between the genders, sport ages and generation levels of the participants. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between body perceptions and gender, sport age and generation levels in karate athletes. Keywors: Karate, Body Image, Adolescence

Perception of visual-tactile asynchrony, bodily perceptual aberrations, and bodily illusions in schizophrenia

Body perception can be dramatically altered in individuals with schizophrenia resulting in experiences of undefined bodily boundaries, loss of body ownership, and size changes for parts of the body. These individuals may also be more susceptible to the rubber hand illusion (RHI: an illusion of body perception that can also be induced in neurotypical populations), but the findings are mixed. Furthermore, the perception of timing information about multisensory stimuli, which is thought to be fundamental for body perception, has been reported to be altered in schizophrenia. We tested here whether altered perception of the temporal relationship between visual and tactile signals in schizophrenia can predict self-reported perceptual aberrations and RHI susceptibility (indexed by both illusion self-ratings and a more objective proprioceptive-drift measure). We found that the sensitivity to detect temporal asynchronies is reduced in schizophrenia and this predicts bodily perceptual symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for a direct relationship between asynchrony detection sensitivity and RHI susceptibility. Instead, our findings suggest that experiencing more bodily perceptual symptoms increases the likelihood of endorsing unusual bodily experiences, resulting in higher RHI self-ratings but not higher proprioceptive-drift scores. Overall, our findings provide evidence for both direct and indirect links between temporal and body perception and thus new insight into the mechanisms that may underlie unusual body perceptions in schizophrenia.

The relationship between men’s peer and social media muscularity ideal discrepancies and body satisfaction

Previous studies have shown that discrepancy between perceptions of one’s actual body type and the ideal bodies of their peers is an important factor for one’s body satisfaction. However, there is a lack of research assessing the formation of media-specific discrepancies, the impact of different types of discrepancies together, and discrepancies in adult men. The current study explored the impact of adult men’s actual and ideal body perceptions on their body satisfaction. Data were collected on the discrepancies between men’s actual muscularity and perceptions of their off-line male and female peers’ male ideal, and perceptions of the male ideal from men and women on social networking sites (SNSs). A total of 277 adult men ( Mage = 36.55; SD = 11.34) completed a survey online. Actual–ideal discrepancies were present for all four comparison ideals. Overall body satisfaction was significantly linked to the close female friend ideal discrepancy, whereas muscularity satisfaction was connected to all four comparison ideals. Body fat satisfaction was not impacted by any of the discrepancies. The most significant predictor of muscularity satisfaction was the close female friends’ ideal discrepancy. Implications suggest the continued use of self-discrepancy theory in new contexts, and continued importance of off-line relationships, despite SNS use.

Kinanthropometry in Brazilian Physical Education (1970s): a new knowledge perspective for this field

The aim of the present study is to understand the constitution of kinanthropometry as scientific disciplinary field in the 1970s in Brazil. Therefore, a bibliographic review was carried out in nine databases and in a specific journal focused on publications from the Kinanthopometry perspective, since this is an element to legitimize a scientific discipline. Only two studies dealing with this topic were selected. Given such a gap in the literature, three interviews with professors who organized the Physical Education (PE) course laboratories, as well as a newspaper report from the period, were used in the study. Different names have been associated with the scientific field of human composition assessment throughout history, as well as formulating different body perceptions, such as Biometrics, Anthropometry and kinanthropometry. Each of these factors determine relationships with the involved socio-cultural context. Such a complexity to understand a conjecture within a historical time expands the space available for analyses. In the 1960s, the term kinanthropometry emerged in foreign countries as a new way of interpreting human body composition assessments linked to knowledge in the PE field based on movement and anatomy. This term was imported by Brazilian researchers after their contact with scientists in USA and Canada, since it offered the possibility of acquiring new representations for research in the PE field back in the 1970s.