Pengasuhan Tumbuh Kembang Balita pada Wanita Penyandang Disabilitas di Kabupaten Semarang

The stigma about the ability of disabled women’s role as a mother having problems in taking care child is often doubted by society. People think that a child who does not grow optimally is caused by the limitation of a disabled mother. The purpose of this research was to know how the care for the growth and development of under five children done by a disabled mother in Semarang regency. The type of this research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were called as informants consisting of 4 family informants and 3 triangulation informants. Qualitative data analysis was done interactively and continuously until the research ended. The research results showed that the four main informants gave a good care seen from the sufficient interaction quality with their children and their willing to let their children do activities as they want under their supervision. The care done by disabled women have a good effect toward the growth and the development of children under five. Therefore, the care done responsibly and the willing to let their children do activities under their supervision create an optimal growth for children under five.

Family Perspectives on End-of-Life Care at the Last Place of Care (DRAFT)

Assessing quality of end-of-life (EOL) care is a challenging but essential task in hospice and palliative medicine. Patients die in diverse settings, and patients and families experience EOL care differently. Using a mortality follow-back methodology, this study assessed family/informants of patients who died in the United States in 2000. Informants were asked about EOL care outcomes, including whether patients received physical and emotional support, were treated with respect, received well-coordinated care, participated in shared decision-making with medical teams, and whether family received adequate information and support. The results showed that families of patients who died with hospice services were better supported and perceived that the decedents had fewer unmet needs, were more likely to be treated with respect, and received highly rated care. Patients and families who received hospice support in a home environment had better EOL care experiences than those who died in other settings.

Etnografi Pemirsa dan Penggunaan Televisi dalam Keluarga

This research studies the television watching activities of two families in Yogyakarta, which does not intend to measure and find out a specific effect of media usage on family informants but merely gives a description of watching television as a cultural practice. The study was also conducted as a counter-argument from the tradition of media effects research on passive audiences. This research uses ethnographic audience, and the result shows that watching behavior in the family is not monotonous and passive. They do not really give full attention to watch television. Watching television is only one of the existence cultural practices and not the only practices in their daily life.Abstrak: Di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, manusia masa kini telah menjadi sedemikian terbiasa dengan kegiatan menonton. Penelitian ini menjelaskan pengalaman menonton yang bertujuan mengeksplorasi penggunaan media televisi dalam rutinitas keseharian keluarga informan. Penelitiaan ini menggunakan etnografi pemirsa terhadap dua keluarga informan yang tinggal di Yogyakarta. Dengan mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek yang sifatnya kontekstual, penggunaan media televisi oleh keluarga informan menunjukkan bahwa menonton televisi merupakan salah satu praktik budaya dan bukan satu-satunya dalam rutinitas keseharian. Keberbedaan pola menonton memperlihatkan juga perilaku menonton yang tidak monoton dan pasif.

A Pilot Study of the Suicide Victim’s Last Contact with a Health Professional

Suicide victims frequently have contact with health care professionals in the months before death. The primary aims of this pilot psychological autopsy study were to determine the feasibility of undertaking a full study and to describe the characteristics of the last health care professional contacts with suicide victims aged > 34 years. We interviewed the informants of 52 suicides. Interviews were obtained from 37 health care professionals who had contact with 28 of the suicides during the 3 months before death. The primary reasons for the last contact with the health care professional were mental health (62%), physical health (22%), and social (14%). 87% of health care professional contacts occurred within 1 month of death. Symptoms of depression were noted in 49% of health care professional contacts. Consensus psychological autopsy diagnoses of depression were made in 64% of suicide victims. Overall suicide risk was assessed by 38% of health care professionals during their last contact. This was more likely to occur when the deceased presented as depressed, was aged < 60 years or seen by a psychiatrist. None was assessed to be suicidal. The family informants regarded nine of the suicide victims to have been suicidal before death but informed a health care professional in only one third of the cases. Critical information that might have altered the management is not often accessed from family members.

Assessing the ADL Functioning of Persons With Alzheimer's Disease: Comparison of Family Informants' Ratings and Performance-Based Assessment Findings

The activities of daily living (ADL) functioning of 26 subjects with Alzheimer's disease was measured using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and family informants' Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) reports. Concordance with a clinician's ratings of subjects' level of ADL functioning was achieved for 77% of the subjects based on their AMPS ADL process ability measures and for 54% for the subjects based on their family informants' OARS ADL ratings. In cases of discordance, subjects' AMPS ADL process ability measures were just as likely to overestimate (11.5%) as to underestimate (11.5%) subjects' ADL functioning. In contrast, 46% of the informants overestimated their family members' ADL functioning, and this was more likely to occur when subjects' cognitive impairment was mild.

Validity of Family Informants' Ratings of Psychiatric Patients: Differential Validity

Ratings of psychiatric inpatients by members of their families at admission were validated against ratings by hospital personnel and patients' self-ratings. There were low, but statistically significant, relationships across data sources, but there were also systematic differences in regard to what symptom areas were measured most validly and what was regarded as most pathological by each data source. Ward-based ratings were most effective at rating conceptual disturbance and regarded schizophrenics as showing the most pathology. Family raters were most effective at rating hostile, belligerent behavior and regarded the miscellaneous group of acting out disorders as most disturbed. Patients' ratings fell between these two data sources but tended to stress anxiety and depression.

Validity of Family Informants' Ratings of Psychiatric Patients: General Validity

149 psychiatric patients were rated by members of their families, using the Katz Adjustment Scale. The validity of these ratings was assessed against entrance diagnosis, global ratings of pathology by patient, nurse, and psychiatric resident, and standard ward- and self-ratings. The family ratings had validity levels comparable to ward- and self-ratings.