Developmental Anomalies of Teeth – A cross-sectional study

Background: This study was conducted to find out prevalence of tooth developmental anomalies and tooth agenesis syndrome in patients of Fariyal Dental College Lahore visiting the out-door department during the year 2017. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a retrospective examination of prevalence of developmental tooth anomalies and tooth agenesis syndrome .The relationship of age and gender was also focused. Methods: All patients of Fariyal Dental College Lahore visiting the out-patient department during the year 2017 were observed and analyzed. The documents scrutinized for this purpose were hospital history charts including patient’s biodata, family history and oral examination details. Results: Out of 160 total cases, 10 cases were of tooth developmental anomalies and 7 cases were of tooth agenesis syndrome were observed. Conclusion: There are 6% cases of developmental anomalies and 4% cases of tooth agenesis were found. Both findings are quite significant in the given number of patients. Keywords: Fariyal Dental College, Tooth Developmental Anomalies, Tooth agenesis.

Hospitals

Contemporary readers likely have a narrow view of hospitals. But prior to the 19th century, hospitals were used for many purposes: to provide charity for the needy, shelter wounded soldiers, house homeless community members, inoculate against disease, learn and teach anatomy, and heal the sick and wounded. Hospitals were nearly indistinguishable from hospices, where citizens who could prove their need could receive shelter and food. These hospitals were charged with dealing with epidemics, demographic collapse, war wounds, birth (and sometimes baptism), death, and all of the other bodily expressions of colonization, occupation, and expansion. Of course, buildings or other spaces for healing preceded European colonizers. While a few of the books discussed below provide a glimpse of pre-Columbian hospitals, this is an ample area for exploration. Early colonial hospitals were built alongside churches, buildings of state, trade houses, and houses for the wealthy. The boundary between medical and religious knowledge was blurred. Practitioners were diverse: the very indigenous and African healers who were censured by the Inquisition were also relied upon. Universities, like Guatemala’s Universidad de San Carlos (founded in 1676), offered medicine as a course of study. The Enlightenment “arrived” unevenly in Latin America. Generally, the number of hospitals grew, as did the number of the regulations concerning them. Owing to imperial anxieties, as well as epidemics and medical innovation, medicine (and hospitals) became more a part of colonial life. Enlightenment hospitals were teaching and research institutions, too. With independence, medical science became a tool of liberal state building, as it had previously been of colonial administration. Liberal governments wrested responsibility for care of the sick and the needy from religious orders. Positivism and eugenics became the drivers of much hospital work. Clinics for the degenerate and other threats to the nation promised rehabilitation. Diagnoses and specializations proliferated. Then, a number of welfare states emerged throughout the region, sometimes in response to popular demand. Some hospitals sat in uneasy balance between positivism and the welfare state. Hospitals were also laden sites in the Cold War. Mid-20th-century revolutions were fought with health care among guerrillas’ demands. Some revolutionary states managed to fulfill their promises of accessible community health care. Around the 1980s, state welfare gave way to privatization. While this has continued, proponents of community and preventive health care have won crucial victories in many places. Hospital historiography sits at the intersection of many fields. Historians of science, technology, medicine, public health, charity, nationalism, social movements, and political repression all have a stake in hospital history. Many of these fields have produced extensive bodies of knowledge, even conferences and journals dedicated to their study. But this is not the case for hospitals. Of course, the boom in scholarship on history of medicine and Science and Technology Studies (STS) has provided still more texts featuring hospitals in nuanced ways. In fact, many different types of historians consult hospital records in the course of their research. So, on the one hand, hospital history is everywhere; on the other, it is obscure.

The Place to Heal and the Place to Die. Patients and Causes of Death in Nineteenth-Century Venice

Summary We used death records to highlight the main features of mid-nineteenth-century Venetian hospitals. At that time, the medicalisation of hospitals was well under way. The Civic Hospital, in particular, had up to 1,400 beds, a large medical staff and a rational structure. By contrasting hospital deaths with deaths occurring at home, we asked whether the patterns seen reflect the modernisation of the hospital system. On one hand, those admitted to hospital were mostly poor, elderly, immigrants, with little support at home, suggesting that social rather than medical conditions determined hospitalisation. On the other hand, there were differences in the causes of death, implying that the hospital pursued some therapeutic specialisation, which attracted also patients of better social standing. Notwithstanding the deep transformation that took place in the nineteenth century, the Venetian experience confirms the coexistence and interdependency of care and cure as permanent features of hospital history.

A mother–baby psychiatric day hospital: History, rationale, and why perinatal mental health is important for obstetric medicine

Background Women frequently experience depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns during pregnancy and postpartum, impacting her and her infant’s health. Patients who require management of medical conditions during the perinatal period are even more likely to experience depression and anxiety compared to those without comorbid medical issues. Despite the availability of effective treatments, perinatal mental health utilization rates are strikingly low. Methods To address common treatment barriers, we developed a specialized mother–baby day hospital for women with psychiatric distress during the peripartum. In this report, we summarize findings from 800 patient satisfaction surveys collected from women treated at the program between 2007 and 2012. Results Findings suggest that women are highly satisfied with the treatment received, often noting that the inclusion of the baby in their treatment is a highly valued feature of care. Conclusion The relevance of perinatal mental health services for patients who are followed by obstetrical medicine specialists is discussed.

Assessment of anti-sperm antibodies in couples after testicular sperm extraction

Purpose: Testicular spermatozoa can be retrieved successfully by the testicular sperm extraction (TESE) procedure and used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Disruption in the blood-testis barrier can lead to the production of antisperm antibodies (ASA). The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the frequency of ASA formation in couples after TESE procedure. Methods: Thirty-seven couples were included in the study at the Urology Clinic of the Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital. History, physical examination, spermiogram, and endocrine profiles were obtained for all male patients. All the male patients in this study had been diagnosed with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and underwent microdissection TESE. Secondary and tertiary cases were also included in the study. Serum samples were obtained from all 74 patients before TESE, and at three and 12 months after TESE. Serum ASA levels were determined. ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis for serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone and testicular volume. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no differences in the testicular volumes, serum FSH and testosterone levels before and after TESE. None of the patients or their partners developed significant levels of ASA as a result of the TESE procedure. Conclusion: TESE procedure does not cause ASA production in either males or their female partners.

Recent Writing on Health Care History in Canada

These are halcyon days for health care history in Canada. One routinely sees articles pertaining to health in leading Canadian and international history journals. The Canadian Bulletin of Medical History is a vibrant and important vehicle and there are a growing number of monographs. This essay reviews several of the maturing content areas that now characterize the writing of health history in Canada, including hospital history, nursing history, the history of mental health, and health and medicine in aboriginal settings. This essay seeks to highlight the accomplishments of the field, while reviewing some of the gaps.