EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LIPOSOMAL DOCETAXEL ANALYSIS OF DOCETAXEL INCORPORATION AND STABILITY

Aim: The article presents the results of developing the composition and technology of obtaining the liposomal form of docetaxel. The effect of the phospholipid composition of the membrane, ionic strength, pH, temperature, cryoprotectant type, and other factors on the stability of liposomes and the docetaxel incorporation has been considered. Results: Reduction of toxicity of the liposomal form of docetaxel (LD50 — 137 ± 7.7 mg/kg) was found in comparison with its free form (LD50 — 101 ± 6.3 mg/kg). Preservation of nanosize particle after lyophilization has been shown. Conclusions: As a result of the studies, the optimal composition and technological scheme for obtaining liposomes containing docetaxel have been developed allowing large-scale production of docetaxel in liposomal form.

Nanoemulsion Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery and Wellbore Cleaning: An Overview

This article is an overview of potential applications of nanoemulsion as a promising candidates for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and as a medium for wellbore cleaning. Nanoemulsion is an emulsion that has nanosize particle distributions in the range of below 500 nm. It also has lower interfacial tension (IFT) as low as the value of 0.001 mN/m. The small particle size distributions in nanoemulsion resulted the good properties of nanoemulsion in term of large surface area. This excellent property will improve the sweeping efficiency of the oil droplet in the reservoir and finally increase the oil recovery. Besides that, the unique features possess by nanoemulsion make it suitable as superior wellbore cleaner as compared to conventional detergent-based cleaner. Thus, the significance of nanoemulsion becomes the major highlight in oil and gas industry. This overview on nanoemulsion applications is imperative and necessary in order to provide an insight for the future development and perhaps open a door to extend the applications of nanoemulsion to other more challenging areas.

Shear Flow Analysis of Nanosize Particle Flow Behavior Using Kinetic Theory

Nanosize particle flow is significantly affected by inter-particle force. Due to the inter-particle force, the most significant characteristic of nanosize particle flow may become the formation of agglomerates or clusters which considerably affects the flow patterns. The formation of agglomerates or clusters results in a reduction in the number and an increase in the size of particles, both of which directly affect the frequency of inter-particle collisions and, in turn, the particle phase properties such as viscosity and pressure, as well as gas/particle drag force in gas/particle flow systems. In this present work, we focus our attention on the verification of nanosize particle flow behavior due to the formation of agglomerates or clusters under different fluctuation of flow and inelasticity of particle collision. By extending the application of the cohesive model using kinetic theory to nanosize particle flow system, we performed the homogeneous simple shear flow analysis using various fluctuation energy and restitution coefficient. The predicted flow properties, such as particle diameter growth, agreed well with the expected trends.