Man and the Internet: dialectics of knowledge and information

In the article the problem of transformation of the information received by the user on the Internet into his knowledge is investigated. The paper uses the main special scientific and logical research methods used in the social and humanitarian sciences. At the same time, the methods of systematic and value-worldview analysis of the phenomena of the spiritual world of a person are distinguished by the degree of significance, which allow us to study the problem of the dialectic of knowledge and information on the Internet not in isolation, but in connection with the main phenomena of the spiritual life of people, taking into account the priority of value-worldview structures. The goal of the work is to find a priority factor that provides a higher degree of accuracy in the transformation of information from the Internet into human knowledge. It is shown that the nature of the world wide web to a certain extent complicates the process of translating information coming to a person into his knowledge. It is concluded that the condition for the transformation of information received by the user on the Internet is the cognitive activity of a person, due primarily to the development of its value and ideological sphere. If the cognizing person has sufficiently developed and stable value – ideological foundations of personality (beliefs, ideals, principles, worldview), he successfully realizes himself as a developing subject, an active participant in knowledge. On the contrary, insufficiently stable value-worldview sphere can lead to passive perception of information by the individual, adaptation to reality, simplification of personality. Information from the Internet in the most adequate form is transformed into a person’s knowledge on the basis of his own cognitive activity, in the presence of intellectual and volitional capabilities (especially value-worldview qualities) for verifying the information available on the Network.

Political Dynamics of Muhammadiyah and Its Relevance to the Concept of the State in Islam

This study describes the political dynamics of Muhammadiyah and its relevance to the constitutional concept from Islamic political perspective. This research uses descriptive, and historical approach. The results of the study finds out: First, the characteristics of an Islamic state are applying God's law, adopting a form of leadership, being universal, not totalitarian, and applying a humane leadership pattern. This character is supported by a leadership system based on basic principles in the Islamic state (al-mabda 'al-asāsī fi dawlah al-Islamiyyah) which includes: trustworthiness (al-amānah), deliberation (al-syūrā), equality (al- musāwā), justice (al-'adālah), and plurality (al-ta 'addudiyya). Second, the Muhammadiyah doctrine originates from the al-Qur'an and al-Hadith and contains a system of beliefs, thoughts, and actions which, as a whole, is accumulated into the ideology and values of the Muhammadiyah movement. This doctrine is then outlined in Muhammadiyah's statute and Bylaws (AD/ART) and covers all steps and strategies for the struggle, personality, beliefs and way of life of Muhammadiyah. Third, political theology and universal and fundamental religious understanding serve as guidelines, and at the same time, as the blueprint for Muhammadiyah's political midset which is implemented through political and cultural channels in the realm of high, allocative politics.

Stress and Coping Strategies of High School Teachers of Antique Diocesan Catholic Schools

No one is stress-free, no matter how fortunate, rational, intelligent, and knowledgeable he may be. Stress has almost become a sure thing even among Catholic school teachers. This is probably due to their demands for multiple jobs, teaching unmotivated students, maintaining classroom discipline, demanding workload, being subjected to frequent changes, being judged by others, having difficult or frustrating relationships with colleagues and administrators, and poor working conditions. Stressors faced by one teacher are unique to him or her and depend on factors like personality, beliefs, abilities, and circumstances of the teacher. Other variables, such as coping mechanisms and techniques, personality traits, and environmental characteristics, can interactively influence the teacher's understanding of how stressful situations are. To deal with stressful events and relieve feelings of distress, teachers use coping methods. Rilveria (2018) identified nine coping strategies: a cognitive reappraisal, social support, problem-solving, religiosity, tolerance, emotional release, overactivity, recreation, and substance use. It has been observed that Antique Diocesan Catholic School teachers often experience high levels of stress resulting from multiple job responsibilities; thus, the researcher was propelled to explore and understand more this construct.

Personality Beliefs in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: How Are They Related to Symptom Severity?

Objective The comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and personality disorders (PDs) is frequent but there are conflicting findings about which PDs are the most common. This study aimed to investigate the personality beliefs that exist on a more pathological level among OCD patients, to explore the association between personality beliefs and OCD severity, and to clarify the mediator effect of depression in this relationship.Methods 202 OCD patients and 76 healthy controls with similar sociodemographic features were included in the study. The Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form was administered to both groups. The Yale-Brown Obsessions and Compulsions Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered only to the clinical sample.Results The dependent, histrionic, paranoid, borderline, and avoidant personality subscale scores were significantly higher in the OCD group than in the control group. There was an association only between OCD severity and narcissistic personality beliefs, also depression mediated the relationship between narcissistic personality and OCD severity.Conclusion Some personality beliefs at a pathological level are more common among OCD patients. Personality beliefs, as well as depression, should be routinely assessed, as they may affect OCD severity, help-seeking behavior, and response to treatment.

Fear of Сoronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Basic Personality Beliefs

The article presents data on the experience of fear about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), depending on the severity of personality basic beliefs. Authors interviewed 950 people aged 12 to 74 years (average age is 35 years). The study was conducted in March 2020 online. The intensity of fear about the coronavirus was studied using the COVID-19 fear scale developed by a team of scientists from Hong Kong, Iran, the United Kingdom and Sweden. The scale was tested for reliability and validity in the Iranian, Russian and Belarusian samples (Ahorsu D.K. et al., 2020; Reznik A. et al., 2020). The personality basic beliefs were diagnosed using the Scale of Basic Beliefs developed by R. Janoff-Bulman (translation and adaptation by O.A. Kravtsova) (Soldatova G.U. et al., 2008). Revealed that more than a third of the subjects have a high level of fear about the coronavirus. Showed that the low intensity of fear about the COVID-19 disease is associated with the severity of personality basic beliefs. Concluded that the personality basic beliefs in goodness and justice of the world around, the values and importance of own “Self” can act as psychological resources for coping a tough situation in life, the specificity of which is due to the fear about the coronavirus disease.