Characteristics of Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon on the Task of Naming Celebrities in Healthy Elderly Adults

Objectives: In general, the incidence of Tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon increases with age, but studies on the difference in the incidence of TOT phenomenon according to the age of healthy elderly adults are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and resolution rate of the TOT, and to find out the change in performance according to the syllabic clues.Methods: Ninety-six healthy elderly people whose age range was between 65 and 84 years old participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: 55-64 years old, 65-74 years old, and 75-84 years old age range groups. The TOT task used 30 questions about celebrity naming organized by period and category.Results: First, there was a significant difference of the TOT rate by age group, and as the age increased, the TOT rate due to partial retrieval failure and total retrieval failure increased. Second, the rate of TOT response type that explained the celebrity’s occupation was the highest in all groups. Third, there were significant differences between groups in both the voluntary TOT resolution rate and the TOT resolution rate after providing the syllabic clue. The recovery rate after the syllabic clues decreased with increasing age.Conclusion: This study observed the difference in characteristics of TOT phenomenon in elderly adults according to age group and the importance of phonological clues in TOT phenomenon resolution.

Conservative Management of Ankyloglossia by Diode Laser: A Case Report

Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a congenital condition that results when the inferior lingual frenulum is too short and is attached to the tip of the tongue, limiting its normal movements. Ankyloglossia can lead to different problems such as difficulties in breastfeeding, speech impediments, poor oral hygiene, malocclusion, inability to deglutition, thus being an undesired problem in normal life activity. Among various methods of treatment of ankyloglossia, laser-assisted lingual frenotomy is the simplest, safest, and less traumatic with the most promising results. Here, a case of ankyloglossia and its management by frenotomy with diode laser is reported in a four-year-old female child. After performing partial frenectomy (frenotomy) using a diode laser of 980nm there was an immediate tongue protrusion and slight improvement of phonetics of the patient immediately and altogether improved after six months.

Dysplasia in Papilloma at the Tip of the Tongue; A Rare Entity-Importance of on Time Prevention

Background: Oral papilloma is benign lesion while there is concern about high-risk types of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for cancer. Case Presentation: The patient was a 30-year-old woman who presented to the School of Dentistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences for orthodontic treatment. Intraoral examinations revealed a prominent white papule on the tip of the tongue. Histopathologic exanimation revealed the proliferation of hyper keratinized stratified squamous epithelium arranged in projections with fibrovascular connective tissue cores, cell irregularity with hyperchromatic nucleus and koilocytes within the epithelium which confirmed the diagnosis of squamous papilloma (SP) with mild to moderate dysplasia. The patient was instructed to take care of the sexual behaviors and the injection of Gardasil vaccine was recommended. A month later, there was no evidence of a lesion. Conclusion: Though SPs are common lesions in the oral cavity, occurrence of dysplasia on SPs on the anterior part of the mouth is rare. Surgical removal supplemented by administration of Gardasil vaccine can be the treatment of choice in these cases. The significance of close attention to the oral lesions and consultation with an Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Specialist is highly recommended in order to accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

A-178 Might Tip-of-the-Tongue Responses on the Auditory and Visual Naming Test be a Useful Embedded Performance Validity Measure in the Language Domain?

Objective This study examined whether responses on the Auditory and Visual Naming Test (ANT/VNT) would discriminate between veterans with invalid and valid test performance, thus suggesting a novel embedded performance validity test (PVT) for a language task. Method Veterans who completed the ANT/VNT and failed two or more PVTs were selected for inclusion, resulting in a sample of 9 veterans (8 males; Mage = 55.8, SD = 11.5; Medu = 12.7, SD = 2.1). An age-and education-matched group of 9 cognitively unimpaired veterans who passed PVTs (7 males; Mage = 56.1, SD = 11.5; Medu = 14.0, SD = 2.4) were selected from a database of patients from the same clinical setting. Variables of interest included tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) responses (responses with a latency between 2 and 20 seconds) and Total Correct responses for the ANT/VNT. Results Groups were comparable on demographic characteristics and there were no statistical differences in Total Correct responses on ANT/VNT. The invalid group had more TOT on both the visual (M = 4.2, SD = 3.8) and auditory (M = 14.4,SD = 9.7) tasks, as compared to the valid group (Mvisual = 0.7, SD = 0.7; Mauditory = 4.9,SD = 2.7). ROC curve analysis for detecting invalid performance was significant for both VNT-TOT (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.038) and ANT-TOT (AUC = 0.88, p = 0.006). A cutoff of 1 was optimal for VNT-TOT (sensitivity = 0.67, specificity = 0.89), while 6 was optimal for ANT-TOT (sensitivity = 0.89, specificity = 0.89). Conclusions Despite the small sample size, findings are promising regarding the utility of ANT/VNT TOT responses as embedded PVTs. These should be further explored since the field is in need of validity measures embedded within language/naming tasks. Visual Naming Test may be particularly useful given that it can take less than 5 minutes to administer.

Capillary hemangioma on the tip of the tongue

Hamangioma is a benign, local malformation of blood vessels and grow along with the same rate as the adjacent tissues, they do not invade underlying structures but may involute over a period of time resulting in fine telangiectasia or scarring. Haemangioma can occur anywhere in the body and also in the oral cavity. In tongue they may get ruptured and result in spontaneous bleeding [1].

Socially Shared Feelings of Imminent Recall: More Tip-of-the-Tongue States Are Experienced in Small Groups

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states are typically defined as feelings of imminent recall for known, but temporarily inaccessible target words. However, TOTs are not merely instances of retrieval failures. Clues that increase the subjective likelihood of retrieval success, such as cue familiarity and target-related information, also have been shown to elicit feelings of imminent recall, supporting a metacognitive, inferential etiology of the TOT phenomenon. A survey conducted on our university campus provided anecdotal evidence that TOTs are occasionally shared among people in small groups. Although shared TOTs may suggest the influence of social contagion, we hypothesized that metacognitive appraisal of group recall efficiency could be involved. There should be more instances of remembering in several heads than in one. From this, we conjectured that people remembering together entertain the inference that successful retrieval is more likely in group recall than in a single-person recall situation. Such a metacognitive appraisal may drive a stronger feeling of closeness with the target word and of recall imminence, precipitating one (or more people) into a TOT state. We used general knowledge questions to elicit TOTs. We found that participants reported more TOTs when remembering in small groups than participants remembering alone. Critically, the experimental manipulation selectively increased TOTs without affecting correct recall, suggesting that additional TOTs observed in small groups were triggered independently from the retrieval process. Near one third (31%) of the TOTs in small groups were reported by two or more participants for the same items. However, removing common TOTs from the analyses did not change the basic pattern of results, suggesting that social contagion was not the main factor involved in the observed effect. We argue that beyond social contagion, group recall magnifies the inference that target words will be successfully retrieved, prompting the metacognitive monitoring system to launch more near-retrieval success “warning” (TOT) signals than in a single-person recall situation.

KARAKTERISTIK LAGU-LAGU KEBANGSAAN ARAB: ANALISIS FONOLOGI

This study aims to determine the phonetic characteristics of the Arabic national anthems. The object of this research is the national anthems of three countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. This research used a linguistic-phonetic approach. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results described that there were differences in vowel and consonant characteristics between the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. Based on the number, the comparison in the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco was 84:156:142 for vowels, 15:44:19 for semi-vowels, and 82:161:110 for consonants. The Egyptian national anthem used long vowels (31.4%) more dominantly than the national anthems of Saudi Arabia and Morocco, while the Saudi Arabian national anthem used more thick (6%) and semi-thick (6%) vowels compared to Egyptian and Moroccan national anthems. For the consonant level, the three national anthems were dominated by alveodental consonants, the letters that come from the tip of the tongue, namely 39% for the Saudi Arabian, 34.2% for the Egyptian, and 36.4% for the Moroccan national anthems.