University Students' Opinions on Translation Course for Special Purposes (Legal Translation Sample)

The need for translation, which is an important bridge in intercultural communication, is increasing day by day. In recent years, because of the development of economic, political, and cultural relations with the countries whose official language is Arabic, the interest in Arabic translation has increased. In this context, Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments have been opened at universities. In these departments, translation courses for students' ability to translate in different fields are also given in areas of specialization such as medical translation and legal translation. Since translations for areas of specialization have their own terminology, it brings various difficulties in the translation process. In this study, it was tried to determine the problems experienced in the process of legal translation by taking the opinions of the students who took the legal translation course in the Department of Arabic Translation and Interpretation at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University. In this context, 7 open-ended questions were asked to 15 students who took the course of legal translation in this department. Based on the answers given to these questions, the problems experienced by the students during the legal translation process were determined and suggestions were made for the solution of these problems.

Doron medicum—the gift of medicine: How a rare 17th century medical translation positively impacted the community and predicted current analgesic techniques

In 1683, a self-proclaimed apothecary physician and London professor of physick by the name of Guilelmus (William) Salmon authored a pharmacopoeia titled Doron medicum, the ‘gift of medicine’ (Greek/Latin translation). This text formulates an English supplement to the Latin Materia medica (16th century), discussing internal and external compound medicines of the late 17th century. This pharmacopoeia enabled those incapable of reading Latin to provide medical care to a challenging post-plague community. Opiology, mercury, dragon’s blood, willow bark, animal preparations and therapies now considered obscure, provide insight into therapies at the time. Early critical care treatments in haemorrhage control and pain management are described. Doron medicum preceded the controversial opening by the College of Physicians of the first London Dispensary in 1698, and was published in a maturing period of medical governance and healthcare establishment in London. During the 17th century, great competition and debate existed between the Royal College of Physicians and the apothecaries. Throughout such debates, William Salmon advocated for access to medical care for the poor and recognition of an allied approach to healthcare. This paper discusses Salmon’s contribution to medicine, which has been poorly transcribed in medical history. A selection of opiate-based analgesic therapies, early critical care strategies and animal preparations are revisited. A small chronicle of William Salmon’s life and professional achievements will be reviewed. Debate surrounding the opening of the first London Dispensary will be discussed in relation to William Salmon’s contribution, echoing ongoing contemporary challenges in healthcare over 300 years later.

Integrated Microfluidic-Based Platforms for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Pathogens: Towards On-Site Medical Translation of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Platforms

The rapid detection and quantification of infectious pathogens is an essential component to the control of potentially lethal outbreaks among human populations worldwide. Several of these highly infectious pathogens, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been cemented in human history as causing epidemics or pandemics due to their lethality and contagiousness. SARS-CoV-2 is an example of these highly infectious pathogens that have recently become one of the leading causes of globally reported deaths, creating one of the worst economic downturns and health crises in the last century. As a result, the necessity for highly accurate and increasingly rapid on-site diagnostic platforms for highly infectious pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, has grown dramatically over the last two years. Current conventional non-microfluidic diagnostic techniques have limitations in their effectiveness as on-site devices due to their large turnaround times, operational costs and the need for laboratory equipment. In this review, we first present criteria, both novel and previously determined, as a foundation for the development of effective and viable on-site microfluidic diagnostic platforms for several notable pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. This list of criteria includes standards that were set out by the WHO, as well as our own “seven pillars” for effective microfluidic integration. We then evaluate the use of microfluidic integration to improve upon currently, and previously, existing platforms for the detection of infectious pathogens. Finally, we discuss a stage-wise means to translate our findings into a fundamental framework towards the development of more effective on-site SARS-CoV-2 microfluidic-integrated platforms that may facilitate future pandemic diagnostic and research endeavors. Through microfluidic integration, many limitations in currently existing infectious pathogen diagnostic platforms can be eliminated or improved upon.

University Students' Opinions on Translation Course for Special Purposes (Legal Translation Sample)

The need for translation, which is an important bridge in intercultural communication, is increasing day by day. In recent years, because of the development of economic, political, and cultural relations with the countries whose official language is Arabic, the interest in Arabic translation has increased. In this context, Arabic Translation and Interpretation departments have been opened at universities. In these departments, translation courses for students' ability to translate in different fields are also given in areas of specialization such as medical translation and legal translation. Since translations for areas of specialization have their own terminology, it brings various difficulties in the translation process. In this study, it was tried to determine the problems experienced in the process of legal translation by taking the opinions of the students who took the legal translation course in the Department of Arabic Translation and Interpretation at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University. In this context, 7 open-ended questions were asked to 15 students who took the course of legal translation in this department. Based on the answers given to these questions, the problems experienced by the students during the legal translation process were determined and suggestions were made for the solution of these problems.

The methods used to translate medical terms between Arabic and Spanish (Los métodos utilizados para traducir términos médicos entre árabe y español)

The present paper deals with medical terms translation and its relationship with the medical text of Arabic and Spanish. Medical translation is the process of transferring texts related to the field of health and medicine to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text to the equivalent target language text. The most prominent medical translations are from English to Arabic as most of the syllabuses in Arab countries are taught in English. Translation is an innovative work intended to render the original text in the source language into the target language with the highest level of linguistic and intellectual ability, through maintaining the utmost integrity of the text by using the core meaning present in the source text to create a new whole, namely, the target text. The present study object is to study and analyze medical texts of Arabic and Spanish according to medical translation. The study seeks solutions to medical term translation problems and corrects some of the translated medical terms errors. The study uses various dictionaries to analyze medical terms, including (DLE) dictionary, (AZ) medical dictionary and electronic dictionary (Reverso context). Through the analysis of the translated medical terms and its idiomatic body, the present study sheds light on the importance of the translated medical terms and the great role it plays in the development of medical science. The study’s main goal addresses the issues and the problems of the translation of medical texts into Arabic from all its related aspects. En este estudio, hemos presentado de traducir los términos médicos y su relación con el texto médico entre el árabe y el español. La traducción médica es el proceso de transferencia de textos relativos al campo de la salud y la medicina desde un idioma denominado " lenguaje de referencia " a los otros idiomas, conocido como idioma de destino, con la multiplicidad de tipos de idiomas de origen y destino, pero las traducciones médicas más destacadas son del inglés al árabe, al igual que la mayoría de los planes de estudios médicos en nuestros países árabes que se imparten en inglés. La traducción es un trabajo innovador, destinado a reformular el texto original con el alto nivel de habilidad lingüística e intelectual, manteniendo la máxima integridad para el texto, su espíritu y su contenido. Su objetivo es estudiar los textos médicos y analizarlos entre el árabe y el español sobre las bases en la traducción de textos, términos médicos y otros. Además, buscar soluciones a este problema del término médico. Mientras tanto, utilizaremos varios diccionarios para analizar términos, incluido el diccionario (DLE), el diccionario médico (AZ) y el diccionario electrónico (Reverso context), haremos un estudio analítico de estos términos médicos. También se corrigió lo incorrecto, revelando así la estructura del término extranjero y árabe y la idea de su nombre, la traducción fue la causa del desarrollo de la ciencia médica. En mi estudio de los términos médicos, he tratado absorber la fertilidad del cuerpo idiomático en beneficio de la traducción médica y de la lengua árabe, hemos presentado de este estudio de términos médicos, analizándolos y criticándolos. Nuestro interés en esta investigación ha sido abordar el tema de la traducción de textos médicos al lenguaje árabe y al problema de la transferencia del término médico, y hemos intentado contener este estudio en todos los aspectos relacionados.