Application Layer Packet Processing Using PISA Switches

This paper investigates and proposes a solution for Protocol Independent Switch Architecture (PISA) to process application layer data, enabling the inspection of application content. PISA is a novel approach in networking where the switch does not run any embedded binary code but rather an interpreted code written in a domain-specific language. The main motivation behind this approach is that telecommunication operators do not want to be locked in by a vendor for any type of networking equipment, develop their own networking code in a hardware environment that is not governed by a single equipment manufacturer. This approach also eases the modeling of equipment in a simulation environment as all of the components of a hardware switch run the same compatible code in a software modeled switch. The novel techniques in this paper exploit the main functions of a programmable switch and combine the streaming data processor to create the desired effect from a telecommunication operator perspective to lower the costs and govern the network in a comprehensive manner. The results indicate that the proposed solution using PISA switches enables application visibility in an outstanding performance. This ability helps the operators to remove a fundamental gap between flexibility and scalability by making the best use of limited compute resources in application identification and the response to them. The experimental study indicates that, without any optimization, the proposed solution increases the performance of application identification systems 5.5 to 47.0 times. This study promises that DPI, NGFW (Next-Generation Firewall), and such application layer systems which have quite high costs per unit traffic volume and could not scale to a Tbps level, can be combined with PISA to overcome the cost and scalability issues.

Public-private partnership in the security sector

The purpose of the study is to identify possible ways to implement the idea of public-private partnership in the security sector by solving such research problems as highlighting the forms of public-private partnership in the security sector and characteristics of their application; identification of objects of a public-private partnership with the security sector; outlining the directions for resolving disputes arising from public-private partnerships in the security sector. In the implementation of this study, general and specialized methods of scientific cognition were applied: the system analysis method, the dialectical method, the formal-logical method, and the structural-functional method, as well as several empirical methods. The authors concluded that there is no normatively determining procedure for cooperation between public and private entities in the security sector. The results of the research are interesting and useful for Ukrainian legislators and subjects of public administration. The results of the research are interesting and useful for Ukrainian legislators and subjects of public administration.

Comparison of the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants for controlling insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides

Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodities. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. The highest mortality was in the group of test insects L. serricorne, which indicated that phostoxin fumigants effectively controlling barn insect pests, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.

Comparison of the effectiveness of fumigant storin to control insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides

Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodity. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the use of fumigant storin to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. Mortality is highest in the L. serricorne test insect group, which indicates that fumigant storin is very effective in controlling barn pest insects, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.

Collaborative Networking Towards Application-Aware Networking

Application-aware networking (AAN) is a framework in which applications can discover services offered by a network and explicitly signal their flow characteristics and requirements to the network. Such framework provides network nodes with knowledge of the application flow characteristics, which enables them to apply the correct flow treatment (e.g., bind the flow to a network slice, bind the flow to a service function chaining, set appropriate quality of service marking, invoke policing and shaping rules) and provide feedback to applications accordingly. This chapter describes how an application enabled collaborative networking framework contributes to solve the encountered problems. The chapter also describes recent proposals such as the PAN (path-aware networking) framework discussed within the IRTF and the APN (application-aware networking) framework that is meant to convey application identification and its network performance in-band.

Design and Validation of a Method to Characterize Human Interaction Variability

Human interactions are paramount to the user experience, satisfaction, and risk of user errors. For products, anthropometry has traditionally been used in product sizing. However, structured methods that accurately map static and dynamic capabilities (e.g., functional mapping) of musculoskeletal regions for the conceptualization and redesign of product applications and use cases are limited. The present work aims to introduce and validate the effectiveness of the Interaction Variability method, which maps product components and musculoskeletal regions to determine explicit design parameters through limiting designer variation in the classification of human interaction factors. This study enrolled 16 engineering students to evaluate two series of interactions for (1) water bottle and (2) sunglasses applications enabling method validity and designer consistency assessments. For each interaction series, subjects identified and characterized product applications, components, and human interaction factors. Primary interactions, product mapping, and application identification achieved consensus between ranges of 31.25% and 100.00%, with significance (p < 0.1) observed at consensus rates of ≥75.00%. Significant levels of consistency were observed amongst designers, for at least one measure in all phases except anthropometric mapping for the sunglasses application indicating method effectiveness. Interaction variability was introduced and validated in this work as a standardized approach to identify, define, and map human and product interactions, which may reduce unintended use cases and user errors, respectively, in consumer populations.