Bridging the Gulf, Taking the Risk: an Exploration of "Relationships" in Katherine Mansfield's 'Juliet', 'Brave Love', and 'Prelude'

<p>The introduction of this thesis examines Katherine Mansfield’s belief that elements of a fictional work should be “related”. Passages in her literary reviews, journals, and letters state or imply her conviction that such related elements demonstrate the thinking, exploring author’s control of the text and express the author’s ideas and vision. The introduction also suggests that Mansfield’s actual “relationship” methods (as shown in the examined texts) are typical of modernist practice. The thesis then explores such methods in three of Mansfield’s earlier episodic fictions: ‘Juliet’ (written 1906–1907), ‘Brave Love’ (completed early 1915); and ‘Prelude’ (written 1915 to 1917). Chapter one introduces the “relationship” methods by a reading of the 1907 vignette ‘In the Botanical Gardens’; it then explores the techniques used in ‘Juliet’ and ‘Brave Love’, finding some similarity in the approaches. Chapter two is a section-by-section reading of ‘Prelude’, based on developments of some techniques established in chapter one. The thesis’s primary focus on each work’s ways of relating textual elements continues an approach begun by the New Critics but without their tendency to single out a main character, central symbol, and fixed meaning. Here, the argument recognises critical discussions highlighting the binary and the fluid in Mansfield’s works and the works’ alignment with both expressionism and impressionism. The resulting readings of the three works demonstrate Mansfield’s increasingly skilful techniques of “bridging the gulf” between disparate aspects of experience to achieve the modernist aim of variety and unity. The texts set up standard oppositions (such as conventionality/unconventionality, naivety/cynicism, master/servant, adult/child) and subvert them ironically. Characters on either side are associated with symbols and myths of vulnerability and power to depict how those characters both exercise and are shaped by forces, which may be social, biological, creative, or others more mysterious. These three stories of Mansfield’s adolescence and early adulthood implicitly question (given the pervasiveness of such forces) whether free choice and clear vision are possible, which potentials of identity can be realised, and what is the nature of existence itself. These readings demonstrate the achievement of Mansfield’s own requirements that fiction should be exploratory: the texts appear in the last resort to be philosophical in intent, “adventures of the soul”.</p>

Bridging the Gulf, Taking the Risk: an Exploration of "Relationships" in Katherine Mansfield's 'Juliet', 'Brave Love', and 'Prelude'

<p>The introduction of this thesis examines Katherine Mansfield’s belief that elements of a fictional work should be “related”. Passages in her literary reviews, journals, and letters state or imply her conviction that such related elements demonstrate the thinking, exploring author’s control of the text and express the author’s ideas and vision. The introduction also suggests that Mansfield’s actual “relationship” methods (as shown in the examined texts) are typical of modernist practice. The thesis then explores such methods in three of Mansfield’s earlier episodic fictions: ‘Juliet’ (written 1906–1907), ‘Brave Love’ (completed early 1915); and ‘Prelude’ (written 1915 to 1917). Chapter one introduces the “relationship” methods by a reading of the 1907 vignette ‘In the Botanical Gardens’; it then explores the techniques used in ‘Juliet’ and ‘Brave Love’, finding some similarity in the approaches. Chapter two is a section-by-section reading of ‘Prelude’, based on developments of some techniques established in chapter one. The thesis’s primary focus on each work’s ways of relating textual elements continues an approach begun by the New Critics but without their tendency to single out a main character, central symbol, and fixed meaning. Here, the argument recognises critical discussions highlighting the binary and the fluid in Mansfield’s works and the works’ alignment with both expressionism and impressionism. The resulting readings of the three works demonstrate Mansfield’s increasingly skilful techniques of “bridging the gulf” between disparate aspects of experience to achieve the modernist aim of variety and unity. The texts set up standard oppositions (such as conventionality/unconventionality, naivety/cynicism, master/servant, adult/child) and subvert them ironically. Characters on either side are associated with symbols and myths of vulnerability and power to depict how those characters both exercise and are shaped by forces, which may be social, biological, creative, or others more mysterious. These three stories of Mansfield’s adolescence and early adulthood implicitly question (given the pervasiveness of such forces) whether free choice and clear vision are possible, which potentials of identity can be realised, and what is the nature of existence itself. These readings demonstrate the achievement of Mansfield’s own requirements that fiction should be exploratory: the texts appear in the last resort to be philosophical in intent, “adventures of the soul”.</p>

The Negative Contingency Illusion: A Cognitive Bias Leading to Misjudgement of Protection

Humans possess a highly adaptive ability to draw inferences about the world by recognizing meaningful links between stimuli and events: making contingency judgements. We describe a systematic bias in contingency judgements that we label the negative contingency illusion in which individuals falsely judge a cue to be protective against an outcome. We demonstrate that the illusion arises when outcome probability is low and occurs when there is no actual relationship between cue and outcome and even when there is a modest positive relationship between cue and outcome. Such misjudgements may lead individuals to superstitious beliefs and could have major public health implications if they lead to the belief in and promotion of treatments that are ineffective or deleterious to the prevention and treatment of illness.

The use of Facebook in romantic relationships: An actor-partner interdependence mediation model predicting relationship visibility

The purpose of this paper was to document the use of social media in romantic relationships. More specifically, we examined whether the information that people desired to share (i.e., desired relationship visibility) and shared in practice (i.e., actual relationship visibility) about their romantic relationships on Facebook was predicted by their level of relational commitment. A sample of 139 couples, users of Facebook, aged 17 to 30 years, participated in the study. Participants completed questionnaires and used the Friendship application on Facebook (which gathered data directly from their Facebook accounts). The mediating role of desired relationship visibility in the link between relational commitment and actual relationship visibility on Facebook (i.e., declared relationship status and transient relationship visibility) was investigated using path analyses for dyadic data. Results of actor-partner interdependence mediation model analyses confirmed that women’s relational commitment was positively associated with their desired relationship visibility on Facebook. Men’s and women’s desired relationship visibility were, in turn, associated with their own and their partner’s declared relationship status and their own transient relationship visibility on Facebook. Our results provided evidence of the dyadic nature of Facebook self-presentations of coupledom.

Components of Consumer Factor and Its Influence on Attitude of the Student Online Shopping Community

This research article analyzed the impact of Consumer factors like privacy, security, time saving and convenience and its impact on the attitude of consumers of online shopping. Further, the difference between the variables such as frequency of online shopping, time spent for shopping online, products often purchased during online shopping, value of money spent during shopping, mode of payment preferred and the consumer factors were also identified to ascertain the actual relationship. The research has focused on the student's community as the data set and their views on online shopping were collected through Questionnaire.

Food Insecurity and Anthropometry in Adolescents: A Literature Review

BACKGROUND: The increased risk of malnutrition is affected by food insecurity. Studies in adolescents still show mixed results. AIM: This article aimed to evaluate the association between food insecurity and anthropometry measurements in studies involving adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases used to obtain the literature were PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and PubMed Central. The keywords used were food security, food insecurity, hunger, malnutrition, obesity, adolescence, adolescents, teenagers, teens, and youth in studies published from 2010 to 2019. A total of 12 articles were used in this review. RESULTS: The association between food insecurity and the incidence of malnutrition in adolescents in various regions is still diverse. Food insecurity had a negative correlation with BMI-for-age in three studies (33.3%), but one study (11.1%) showed the opposite result. Food insecurity was positively related to low height-for-age (stunting) in 50% of studies, while five other studies (55.6%) showed that food insecurity was not related to BMI-for-age or weight-for-age. Three studies (50%) showed that there was no association between food insecurity and height-for-age. CONCLUSION: Longitudinal studies, such as Cohort studies, need to be conducted to ensure the actual relationship between food insecurity and nutritional status in various regions.

The Problem of Actual Parenting: A Methodological View

Fixing the situation of doctrinal backlog in the development of the problem of actual parenting of a minor, the author explores the problem from the perspective of the instrumental approach. At the phenomenological level, the essential signs of actual upbringing are subject to the theoretical analysis These signs include: implicity as a social phenomenon, casuability, heterogeneity of social reasons for emergence, apparent voluntariness, gratuitousness, opacity of the circle of actual educators, preservation of continuous communication with the child’s family, lack of legal connection with the moment of emergence and termination of this type of actual relationship. At the interdisciplinary level, the extra-legal grammar of actual parenting is investigated with the inclusion of other social phenomena, structures and institutions closely related to it, providing reasonable scientific perception of this theoretical construct in jurisprudence. Using the political-legal approach complementing the traditional dogmatic approach to the study of the problem of actual parenting, the author aims to expand doctrinal boundaries of the solution of the problem of actual parenting in its legal perspective, creating prerequisites for future research of the topic in the context of its methodological preparedness. The author’s findings are based on the fact that the legal problem of actual parenting lies in the bosom of the problems of family education rather than between family education and forms of institutional protection of children, as is often seen in the family law doctrine. The normative nature of relations in the field of the family upbringing of a child, ensured through numerous acts of international law on child saving, national constitutional norms, principles of family law, general provisions of individual institutions and structures, does not make it clear that today’s legislative attitude to actual parenting is in no way consistent with the family law dogmatics.

A Failure to Doubt?

This chapter examines the unexpected ways in which Ahmadis partake in the culture of sectarian disputation between Muslim sects in South Asia. Much sectarian disputation between Muslim sects in South Asia has as its stated goal the shoring up of intellectual boundaries and the silencing of opponents. The chapter explores how the Ahmadis cultivate an argumentative subjectivity that can be referred to as “heroic polemicism.” It argues that if one continues to approach this heroic polemicism through narrow categories of epistemic doubt and belief, one will miss the actual relationship to truth that Ahmadis in Qadian attempt to cultivate, alongside the uncertainties that they feel in discharging their obligations to truth. The chapter then looks at how Ahmadis embrace the modern world as a landscape of opportunity that offers almost unlimited resources through which they might expand the all-conquering truths of their Promised Messiah.

¿Son las personas mayores tan felices como las jóvenes? Limitaciones metodológicas de los análisis de regresión

El objetivo del artículo es responder a dos importantes preguntas relacionadas con la igualdad intergeneracional en bienestar emocional: ¿Son las personas mayores tan felices como las jóvenes? ¿Cuál es la relación entre edad y felicidad? El actual consenso académico considera que tal relación adopta la forma de una curva en “U”, es decir, la felicidad sería alta en la juventud, descendería llegando a un mínimo hacia la mitad del curso vital, y remontaría hasta alcanzar de nuevo un alto nivel en la vejez. Según esta tesis, las personas mayores serían tan felices como las jóvenes. Sin embargo, estos resultados están condicionados por las propias limitaciones metodológicas del análisis de regresión. Además, estos análisis pretenden describir la relación genérica y universal existente entre un concepto abstracto de edad y la felicidad. Pero como era previsible, la variable edad, desprovista de todo contenido social, tiene una escasa influencia en la felicidad de las personas. Estos estudios carecen de interés sociológico alguno porque ocultan la verdadera relación existente entre la “edad social” de las personas y su felicidad. Tras exponer una crítica a los análisis de regresión, tal y como son habitual y convencionalmente aplicados por los científicos sociales, se propone segmentar la variable edad, estudiando el bienestar emocional de las personas en las distintas etapas de su ciclo vital (niñez, juventud, edad adulta, edad madura y vejez) utilizando análisis descriptivos multivariables. Se demuestra, así, que la relación edad-felicidad adopta la forma de una “ola” o “S” tumbada y que, por tanto, la felicidad de los mayores es bastante inferior a la de los jóvenes.The article aims to answer two important questions, both linked to emotional well-being throughout lifetime: Are old as happy as young people? What is the relationship between age and happiness? The current academic consensus states that the relationship between age and subjective well-being follows a "U-Shape". Happiness would be high in youngsters, would decrease to a minimum about midlife, and would ascend to reach again a high point in old age. Then, according to this thesis, old would be as happy as young people. However, we show that these research results come from the own methodological constraints of regression analysis. Additionally, these analyses try to find the generic and universal relationship between age, considered as an abstract variable, and happiness. But, not surprisingly, an age variable devoid of any social content and context has a meagre influence on people happiness. These inquiries lack any sociological interest because hide more than reveal the actual relationship between “social age” and happiness. The article deploys a critique of the irreflexive and conventional way in which regression analysis is used by social scientists. The segmentation of age in five stages (childhood, youthfulness, adulthood, maturity and old age), and descriptive multivariate analysis are proposed as the best methodology to study happiness throughout the lifetime. Finally, it is proved that the age-happiness relationship follows the pattern of a “wave” or “S lying down-shape”. Therefore, the happiness of the old is much lower than that of young people.

Mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility: psychological-psychoanalytical perspective

The subject of this research is the mother-daughter relationship and the image of a mother among women with psychogenic infertility. The object of this research is the child-parent relationship in women&rsquo;s development. There is a small number of studies that indirectly confirm the correlation between distressed relationship of a woman with her mother in childhood and the genesis of psychogenic infertility. Women with psychogenic infertility usually had conflicting, ambivalent and unstable relationships with their mother in childhood, particularly in puberty period. Often, the image of the mother is subconsciously imprinted in woman&rsquo;s psyche, affects her stance on motherhood, even if this image has nothing in common with the actual relationship in the dyad. This article describes the aspect of proneness to conflict and aggression in mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility. The novelty of this research consists in formulation of a theoretical model of development (psychogenesis) of mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility from psychoanalytical perspective. One of the elements of such model are the hostile and conflicting mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility. The acquired results demonstrate that women with psychogenic infertility consider their mothers averse and less accepting than women without such disorder. They perceive their mother as showing enough emotions, care and love, or have memories of hostility and aggression towards them in childhood. Women with psychogenic infertility were impacted by lack of maternal attention than women without this disorder. Women with psychogenic infertility are characterized with avoidance and ambivalent type of affection for their mother and are more likely to view maternal deprivation as an unfair circumstance in life.