Pediatric Otological Disorders: An In-Hospital Study

Introduction: Social factors influencing the likelihood of developing pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) disorders include socioeconomic status, the type of family, overcrowding, and access to health care, which are prevalent in developing countries like Nepal. Nepalese populations are not well documented with regards to pediatric ENT disorders. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of ENT disorders in pediatric patients attending hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted at Janaki Medical College, Janakpur between January and September of 2021. Consecutive children from Janaki Medical College between the ages of 6 months and 18 years with otological complaints participated in the study. Afterward, the diagnosis was derived from patients’ OPD cards or by contacting them by phone. Results: The mean ages of male and female participants were 3.2± 2.7 years old and 4.9 ± 2.6 years respectively. Out of the study participants who complained about otological complaints, the majority (37.45%) had ear wax on their ears, followed by foreign bodies (21.30%) and acute otitis externa (9.2%). Among foreign bodies encountered, rubber (35.48%) was most common, followed by seed (24.19%). Conclusions: Pediatric ear diseases are very common. In the majority of cases, ear wax and foreign bodies were found. By raising awareness about ear hygiene and disease, we can reduce the problems associated with them. Keywords: Ear, nose, and throat; otology; pediatric; prevalence.

A Clinico-Pharmacological Aspect of Kwatha Kalpana in ENT Disorders

Ayurveda is split into many branches. The branch which deal with the drug and use within the style of medicine for the treatment of diseases is thought as Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics). Bhaishajya Kalpana endorses the five fundamental dosage form, namely Swaras (juice), Kalka (paste), Kwatha (decoction), Hima (cold infusion), Phant (hot infusion). This is often the real source of success for physicians. Among them, Kwatha Kalpana (decoction types of medicine) is that the most vital and widely used dosage form in Ayurvedic pharmaceutic. Shalakyatantra (treatment of disorder above clavicle) is one in all Ashtanga Ayurveda (eight clinical branches of Ayurveda), coping with the study of diseases occurring above the Jatru (part of body above the clavicle), which has Shiras (head), Karna (ear), Nasa (nose), Netra (eyes) and Mukha (mouth) and their management. Shalakyatantra is primarily concerned with preserving and restoring the health of the Indriyas (senses). In modern science ear, nose and throat are studied collectively within the specialized field called otolaryngology or upper tract diseases which is colloquially referred to as ENT. The monotonous mechanical life style, faulty food habits, restless schedule, stress, overpopulation, overcrowding of vehicle leading to the sound and air pollution, junk food habits is causing hazardous effects of receptor. Ayurvedic system of drug enunciates more of preventive measures which are lacking in contemporary science. Identifying the Nidana (etiology) and avoiding it forms the key role in preventing most of the ENT disorders. Hence, it’s is highly essential to spot and treat the common ENT disorder seen in clinical practice with Ayurvedic measures specially Kwath Kalpana. In present article a clinic-pharmacological aspect of the Kwath Kaplana is discussed with reference to ENT diseases.

Ear Nose Throat (ENT) disorders in Government Schools of Central Bali

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) health service coverage has yet to include all citizens in Central Bali. ENT disorders among elementary school-age children should be of important concern as it might affect their educational process at school.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This descriptive research conducted from January to December 2019 employed a cross-sectional design. This study recruited subjects of grade 1 to 6 students from 13 elementary schools in Kubu and Tianyar village, Kubu sub-district, Karangasem district, Bali, who participated during the social service event held by Yayasan Peduli Kemanusiaan supported by Inspirasia Foundation. The total sampling method was used.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: A number of 1115 elementary school students consisted of 578 (51.8%) male and 537 (48.2%) female students were recruited. The most and least commonly encountered ENT disorder was cerumen impaction (n=837; 75.1%) and rhinotonsilopharyngitis (n=1; 0.1%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Knowing the ENT disorders among elementary school age children in Central Bali is important as it might serve as a benchmark for conducting a precise intervention to manage ENT disorders since early age.</p><p>Keywords : <em>ENT, elementary school, student</em></p>

EPIDEMILOGY OF ENT DISORDERS IN ADULT POPULATION OF AGRICULTURAL REGION

The aim:TostudyandanalyzeSumy region population morbidity dynamics taking into account current stage of medical reform. Sumy region here is represented as one of the main agricultural regions of Ukraine. The prevalence of ENT disorders (otolaryngologic diseases) was studied. Materials and methods: During the study we used data of statistical report of Public Health Board, Sumy State Administration for the period from 2015 to 2019 years by administrative territories. Obtainedresults wereprocessed, usinggeneral statistics methodsandanalyzed, usingstructural-logicalanalysis. Conclusions: The study found that the morbidity rates of ENT disorders in adult population during the study period increased and had levels of 2113.0 and 122.1 per 100 thousand adult population, respectively, and the prevalence rates and the prevalence rates ofENT disorders among the adult population decreased , respectively to 167.7; 2113,0; 665.1 and 389.9. All indicators have reliable differences in terms of administrative territories of the region. The results of the study should be taken into account in the process of reforming the otolaryngological service in the region.

Proptosis in Otorhinolaryngology: An Overview

Introduction Ear, nose and throat (ENT)pathologies can present with proptosis as the early manifestation. The majority of ENT pathologies present with ocular manifestations, due to close anatomical relationship. Objective To study proptosis in ENT disorders in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, and management. Methods The present article is a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care center, in Telangana, India. Patients presenting with proptosis secondary to ENT disorders were thoroughly evaluated and subjected to surgical exploration after providing a signed informed consent. Results Sixty cases of proptosis secondary to ENT disorders have been reported. The most common cause was sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma followed by juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Conclusion Many ENT disorders can present with proptosis. Proptosis needs to be evaluated completely for proper management and to limit the morbidity associated with it.

Veteriner Hekimlikte Kulak, Burun, Boğaz Alanında Kullanılan Antiseptikler

Although the studies on ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases and treatment methods are high in human medicine, they are rarely performed and neglected in veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are generally preferred for ENT diseases in animals. However, there is an increase in infections from microorganisms that develop multiple antibiotic resistance due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Another group of drugs used in ENT diseases are antiseptics. Bacterial resistance to agents used as antiseptics is more limited than antibiotics. Studies on the use of substances with antiseptic properties in the treatment of ENT disorders in animals have been limited. Even though these substances are used empirically in the field, there are no studies in the literature examining the effects of these substances on ENT. In this review, the properties of antiseptic substances recommended for use in the field and in the literature for ENT diseases of animals are discussed.

ENT Disorders Presenting with Ophthalmological Manifestations:An Overview

Background: It is important to diagnose the condition early and manage aggressively. It is often difficult to cure orbital cellulitis due to late treatment and may cause blindness if left untreated because of optic nerve compression. Both orbital abscess and cavernous sinus thrombosis may lead to intracranial spread of infection, such as meningitis or cerebral abscess with high morbidity and possible mortality.Subjects and Methods:A total number of 124 cases of ophthalmological manifestation caused by various ENT diseases, mostly paranasaltumourextensions; nasopharyngeal tumour and furunculosis of nose were analyzed in a retrospective study in relation to their age, sex, clinical,radiological and histopathologicalprofile.Results: Direct nasal endoscopy(DNE), Fibre optic Flexible nasopharyngoscopy was Useful. HRCT scan was considered as the most dependable investigating tool. Different modalities of medical and surgical treatment have been adopted according to location and nature of diseases.Conclusion: Aclose co-operationand team effort required between otorhinolaryngologist and ophthalmologist to overcome this kind of challenges.