Missionaries and Guerrilas

To extinguish the Mau Mau, a movement driven by land issues that marked Kenya, the colonial government declared a state of emergency in 1952, creating villages to which the Kikuyu population was displaced, as well as detention camps for the guerrillas. Therefore, it is worth analyzing the relationships amongst Consolata missionaries and the Mau Mau guerrillas, which led to an approximation between these missionaries and the Kikuyu.

Нерепатрійовані: судові процеси над військовополоненими на Дніпропетровщині (друга половина 1940-х рр.)

One of the results of the Second World War was the presence of a large number of the Germans, Austrian, Romanian and other prisoners of war on the territory of the Soviet Union. Their were actively used in the postwar reconstructions. The article is devoted to the analysis of personal histories of the former enemy soldiers who were kept in the USSR after 1945 and then they were convicted in the 1940's. The main sources are the materials of the Security Service of Ukraine in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast archives. The mentioned above archival materials show that, despite the prosecution, the final sentence for prisoners of war was the same and they had to spend 25 years in labor camps. Particular attention is paid to the cases of George Ionescu, Rudolf Petri, Paul Edgard, Joseph Lecker and Johann Pikanski. In 1945–1950 they were held in detention camps No. 315 or 460, which were located on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk region. Each of these persons chose their own surviving strategy in the camp – escape attempt, avoiding work, finding opportunities to obtain information about the outside world, honestly abiding by rules or sabotage. However, despite the chosen way, the process of repatriation was delayed for all of them until the 1950s. Only after the «Thaw» («Vidlyhy») epoch and the amnesty laws passing, the prisoners got possibility to return to their homeland.

In afwachting van betere tijden1 : Het kerkelijk leven op Nederlands-Borneo tijdens de oorlog en de internering (1941-1945)

The Second World War, the Japanese military regime and the detention of Dutch Protestant and Catholic missionaries in prison camps had considerable consequences for the functioning of church life in Borneo, both within and outside the detention camps. These consequences constitute the theme of this article. Church life in the island continued to suffer some of these consequences beyond the end of the war.

„Schilf wächst darüber, Schilf wächst immer darüber“ Heimatliche Donaulandschaften in den deutschsprachigen Literaturen Südosteuropas nach 1945

Danubeland scapes have been a recurrent topic in the German-language literature of Southeastern Europe, especially in German literature from Romania, which was the only one to survive the end of the Second World War in the Eastern Bloc. They developed different forms on both-sides of the Iron Curtain. In the West, the Danubeservedas a frame work for the consolidation of a common identity of many disparate groups of former German minorities from Southeastern Europe under the collective name “Danube Swabians”. Additionally, writers from Romania who emigrated to the West recalled in their works bothwonderful and frightening images of the lower Danube. In Romania, Danube landscapes are to be seen as attempts to negotiate the concept of homeland from a contemporary perspective after its appropriation by the patriotic literature of the court literati. They emergedas a stage for projecting new sensitivities: the suffering of isolation, economic misery and environmental pollution. Subversively narrated landscapes also set hidden signs of the memory of the isolated detention camps on the periphery of the country. The transformation of Danube landscapes is analysed by using literary examples after 1945.

Jasenovac

Jasenovac was a camp run by the Ustaše Supervisory Service (UNS) of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. It was located approximately 100 km south-east of Zagreb on the banks of the Sava River. Although the purpose of, and number of deaths in, the camp have been debated, it appears that a significant number of Serbs, Roma and Jews died and/or were executed at this site between 1941 and 1945. The site demonstrates that not all detention camps at this time were controlled by the German government and that cultural/religious groups other than the Jews were detainees. Balkan mass graves may therefore derive from different conflicts at different times, and so establishing accurate conclusions from excavations often requires a verifiable and plausible context and an understanding of burial processes.

Informative saturation of ego documents as a historical source

The paper attempts to determine the place and role of ego - documents in historical source studies. Specific source material (memoirs of Akmolin detainees' detention camps for the wives of traitors to the Motherland) describes the features of this type of documents in historical, psychological, linguistic aspects. It is proposed to determine the following by the results of intelligence: first, ego - documents are described as part of a group of sources known in the scientific classification as sources of personal origin; second, the use of ego documents, according to the author, will enhance anthropocentric approaches to the study of particular topics and problems, especially those associated with periods of radical change in society, which have had mostly tragic consequences for individuals and families. These are the events of the 1930s, the Great Terror; thirdly, the reference to ego exclusively - the documents artificially narrows the original base of the study, and therefore offers a comprehensive approach to its definition in order to create an objective and multi-vector picture of our past. For the researcher, the emergence of a new type of documentary base raises several questions: first, whether the term "ego - document" is not simply a modern synonym for an already established type of documents that we classify as documents of personal origin; secondly, what is the peculiarity of this type of documents, and, finally, thirdly, what information load the said documents carry. We will try to answer these questions in this paper, because that is exactly how we have defined its purpose. In domestic historiography, interest in "ego - documents" has become particularly noticeable with the intensification of oral history research, which aims at "knowing and understanding the individual experience of man as the main protagonist of history", even if the term is rarely used by researchers. It is these peculiarities that determine the significance of these documents for the researcher, because they make it possible to grasp the whole tragedy of the situation at that time, to understand the inner world of ordinary people, to define the true and not demonstrably propaganda features of the "Soviet man".