PROMOTION OF CRITICAL THINKING IN DANCE CLASSES FOR YOUTH

Nowadays, very topical is the ability to communicate, cooperate, make decisions, become co-responsible and think critically. Critical thinking plays a crucial role, as its primary function is the ability to choose between alternatives and make decisions. One must be able to justify one's decisions and beliefs. Critical thinking is just as necessary as reading and writing, and is one of the components of today's curriculum. Critical thinking is based on intellectual criteria. It is the clarity, validity, accuracy and honesty of thinking. Dance classes are a popular leisure activity for young people. Youth are best in contact with a teacher who is a friend, mentor and someone to resemble. If a dance teacher include exercises in his class to promote critical thinking it gives the opportunity to unite dancers, gain dancers who are aware of their abilities and who work to improve their weaknesses. The purpose of this article is to explore the promotion of critical thinking among young people in dance classes and it will be more successful if a system of exercises appropriate to the age of the youth is purposefully designed and implemented. In the practice of dance pedagogy, the promotion of critical thinking in dance classes is a novelty. In the study participated dancers aged 16-25. The research consists of several stages: development of an exercise system to promote critical thinking; introduction of exercises in dance classes in the theater dance studio “Savanna”; measuring exercise efficiency; analysis of results; making recommendations. In total, five tests were used in the study: "Conclusion", "Recognition of Assumptions", "Deduction", "Interpretation", "Evaluation of Arguments".

Phosphorus supplementation raised the heart rate of male water polo players during a randomised graded dryland exercise test

ObjectiveThe impact of phosphorus supplementation on athletic performance is unclear. Ingestion of phosphorus for several days has been reported to increase cardiac capacity, improve oxygen muscle kinetics and enhance lactate buffering capacity. Recent studies have shown that phosphorus ingestion with a meal increases postprandial glucose uptake and thermogenesis. The present study aimed to assess the effect of acute phosphorus ingestion with a meal on specific workload parameters.MethodsA double-blind, crossover trial of 12 male water polo players between 18 and 22 years old was conducted. Overnight fasted subjects were asked to cycle for 20 min before ingesting 100 g of glucose with phosphorus or placebo (400 mg). Three hours later, they were asked to perform a graded cycling exercise for 25 min.ResultsExpenditure, respiratory quotient, perception of fatigue and exercise efficiency were similar between treatments. However, heart rate was significantly higher in the phosphorus group (142±10 beats/min) compared with placebo (135±10 beats/min).ConclusionExercise performance 3 hours after the coingestion of glucose with phosphorus did not affect substrate use, while heart rate was increased. The heart rate increase could be attributed to a rise in core body temperature.Trial registration numberNCT03101215.

Changes in Physical Performance of Amateur Mountain Bikers in the Preparatory Period

Introduction. The aim of the research was to assess the changes in the main physical performance indicators, i.e. maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), the threshold of anaerobic changes (AT) and “exercise efficiency” (oxygen consumption/power; VO2/ WR) in amateur mountain bikers in the preparatory period. In addition, diagnostic usefulness was made of selected respiratory, circulatory and metabolic parameters to assess the training progress in cycling.Materials and methods. Thirty-six men training in amateur mountain biking took part in the research. Each of them underwent three ergospirometry tests at the beginning, in the middle (after 7 weeks) and at the end of the preparatory period (after 14 weeks). The results obtained at the AT threshold and at maximum effort were analysed to check how physical training in the preparatory period affected selected exercise parameters.Results. No significant changes in the VO2max value were observed during the preparatory period, but a significant increase in this indicator (in absolute terms and in terms of body weight) was found at the AT level. An increase was noted in power as well as in measured metabolic, ventilation and circulatory parameters with the exception of heart rate and ventilation equivalent oxygen. VO2/WR decreased, which indicates an improvement in the effectiveness of the effort.Conclusions. For Polish amateur cyclists with extensive training experience, the most diagnostic indicators in the preparatory period include improving the AT threshold (shift towards higher % VO2max and higher generated power) and increasing exercise efficiency.