PELATIHAN MEMBUAT PERENCANAAN USAHA YANG BAIK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENGELOLAAN USAHA

Community Service Activities were carried out in Tegal Alur Village, Kalideres District, West Jakarta. The problem faced by partners is the lack of training that can open up profitable business opportunities for them. The implementation method is carried out starting with a site survey, followed by training and ending with activity analysis. The Lean Canvas planning method is used to get to the heart of the idea, putting all the information on one page, helping to define the main information needed, without unnecessary details. As a result of this training activity, housewives, Family Welfare Development mother (PKK), youth organizations and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) in Tegal Alur Village, West Jakarta, can start a business by taking action step by step, so that their efforts can generate profits as expected. It can be concluded that this training is beneficial for the community and increases the desire to become entrepreneurs.

Analisis Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa

This research purposed to analyse accountability of fund allocation management and gave understanding about accountability in 4 (four) villages at Sawahlunto city, West Sumatra. In order to know about how fund allocation management in that village at Sawahlunto city can be begun from strategy, action and responsibility step. This research used interpretive qualitative approach by using semi structured interview with relevant informant: village’s chairman, village’s treasurer, BPD and the society which was chosen in every village to achieve the triangulation data. The technique of collecting the data which the researcher used here was observation, semi structured interview and analytic documentation. In the strategy step, fund allocation program showed that it has done about construct society participative concept with proved in participative and responsive principle which had reached 80%, however in the transparency aspect, there is a village did not know yet about information in the strategy side. In the action step, fund allocation program in 4 (four) villages have applied participative, transparency and accountability principle. Whereas in the responsibility step, fund allocation has applied accountability principle along with implementation in the field which showed that money that was used has been accounted in a physical scale as well as administration not perfect yet. The result showed that 4 (four) villages have applied the accountability principle of fund allocation management

Predictive Impact of Contextual Objects during Action Observation: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The processing of congruent stimuli, such as an object or action in its typical location, is usually associated with reduced neural activity, probably due to facilitated recognition. However, in some situations, congruency increases neural activity—for example, when objects next to observed actions are likely versus unlikely to be involved in forthcoming action steps. Here, we investigated using fMRI whether the processing of contextual cues during action perception is driven by their (in)congruency and, thus, informative value to make sense of an observed scene. Specifically, we tested whether both highly congruent contextual objects (COs), which strongly indicate a future action step, and highly incongruent COs, which require updating predictions about possible forthcoming action steps, provide more anticipatory information about the action course than moderately congruent COs. In line with our hypothesis that especially the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) subserves the integration of the additional information into the predictive model of the action, we found highly congruent and incongruent COs to increase bilateral activity in action observation nodes, that is, the IFG, the occipitotemporal cortex, and the intraparietal sulcus. Intriguingly, BA 47 was significantly stronger engaged for incongruent COs reflecting the updating of prediction in response to conflicting information. Our findings imply that the IFG reflects the informative impact of COs on observed actions by using contextual information to supply and update the currently operating predictive model. In the case of an incongruent CO, this model has to be reconsidered and extended toward a new overarching action goal.

Blended Learning Program: An Alternative Solution to Improve Students TOEFL Score

This action research aims at finding out how the blended learning can improve students toefl score. The design of this research is an action research which consists of four steps in a cycle, they are: planning, action, analysis and reflection. In planning step the reserachers did FGD which involved the students, instructors, the dean, the head of language centres and staff to discuss the problems and the alternative solution, designed the syllabus and prepared the materials. In the action step, the blended learning was implemented , 50%was in Face to Face (F2F) mode and other 50% was in information and technology (IT) mode (CALL, email, WA and SMS).The subjects were 20 students from 16 Study Programs in FKIP at the eight semester who have ever joined TOEFL but have not achieved the target score stated by the university, 477.The implementation of Blended learning was observed and analyzed as the next step. The Reflection result showed that Blended learning could improve the students TOEFL score. The students also enjoyed the activities and they believed blended learning helped them improve their TOEFL score. Therefore it is recommended that the University implement the Blended learning program as an alternative solution to solve the problem.

Two-step actions in infancy - the TWAIN model

In this paper, we propose a novel model – the TWAIN-model – to describe the durations of two-step actions in a reach-to-place task in human infants. Previous research demonstrates that infants and adults plan their actions across multiple steps. They adjust, for instance, the velocity of a reaching action depending on what they intend to do with the object once it is grasped. Despite these findings and irrespective of the larger context in which the action occurs, current models (e.g., Fitts’ law) target single, isolated actions, as for example pointing to a goal. In the current paper, we develop and empirically test a more ecologically valid model of two-step action planning. More specifically, 61 18-month-olds took part in a reach-to-place task and their reaching and placing durations were measured with a motion-capture system. Our model explained the highest amount of variance in placing duration and outperformed six previously suggested models, when using model comparison. We show that including parameters of the first action step, here the duration of the reaching action, can improve the description of the second action step, here the duration of the placing action. This move towards more ecologically valid models of action planning contributes knowledge as well as a framework for assessing human machine interactions. The TWAIN-model provides an updated way to quantify motor learning by the time these abilities develop, which might help to assess performance in typically developing human children.

Action Research in Teacher Education

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Please check back later for the full article. Herein the term Action Research is addressed by reflecting upon two words, action and research, united within this century to create something quite useful and commonplace. The word research, which has a long and traceable evolution, has been linked to seeking and to action, which is certainly the opposite of inaction. Upon closer examination, it is the action that can be either covert or overt, since thinking can be an action. When used together Action Research presents an opportunity to seek, pursue, and track one’s actions to arrive at a target. Yet how a person decides to seek provides context. Regardless of the path taken, Action Research involves certain steps, such as reflection, that are focused, strategic, and seeking within a social context to move forward. Action Research is malleable, flexible, and therefore can be many things depending upon how the terms are demarcated. However, herein Action Research is both a strategy and orderly process that supports those who may seek to examine, to change, and/or to improve. Action Research is a commitment and an approach from within that provides a structure that can simplify and guide an inquiry. Action Research (AR) can meet the needs of the individual or a group as it supports self-inquiry and group-inquiry equally, while unfolding in a series of steps and phases. The action step may include either cognitive and/or psycho-motor acts; the reflection step includes efforts to look back and within, whereas the third step, revision, demands that an action researcher plan for their next step. This AR process may include additional steps; however, AR remains cyclical and recursive and at times piecemeal as steps may overlap, accelerate, and challenge the action researcher over time, since theory and practice can be quite disparate.

Antimalarials inhibit hematin crystallization by unique drug–surface site interactions

In malaria pathophysiology, divergent hypotheses on the inhibition of hematin crystallization posit that drugs act either by the sequestration of soluble hematin or their interaction with crystal surfaces. We use physiologically relevant, time-resolved in situ surface observations and show that quinoline antimalarials inhibit β-hematin crystal surfaces by three distinct modes of action: step pinning, kink blocking, and step bunch induction. Detailed experimental evidence of kink blocking validates classical theory and demonstrates that this mechanism is not the most effective inhibition pathway. Quinolines also form various complexes with soluble hematin, but complexation is insufficient to suppress heme detoxification and is a poor indicator of drug specificity. Collectively, our findings reveal the significance of drug–crystal interactions and open avenues for rationally designing antimalarial compounds.

Prefrontal Cortex Activation Reflects Efficient Exploitation of Higher-order Statistical Structure

Because everyday actions are statistically structured, knowing which action a person has just completed allows predicting the most likely next action step. Taking even more than the preceding action into account improves this predictability but also causes higher processing costs. Using fMRI, we investigated whether observers exploit second-order statistical regularities preferentially if information on possible upcoming actions provided by first-order regularities is insufficient. We hypothesized that anterior pFC balances whether or not second-order information should be exploited. Participants watched videos of actions that were structured by first- and second-order conditional probabilities. Information provided by the first and by the second order was manipulated independently. BOLD activity in the action observation network was more attenuated the more information on upcoming actions was provided by first-order structure, reflecting expectation suppression for more predictable actions. Activation in posterior parietal sites decreased further with second-order information but increased in temporal areas. As expected, second-order information was integrated more when less first-order information was provided, and this interaction was mediated by anterior pFC (BA 10). Observers spontaneously used both the present and the preceding action to predict the upcoming action, and integration of the preceding action was enhanced when the present action was uninformative.

Take Time for Action: Step Up to Nonlinear Functions

Do your students think that all functions are linear? Do they have experience working with nonlinear functions? If so, how do they think about those functions?