METHODS FOR IMPROVING ALPHA-MANGOSTIN SOLUBILITY: A REVIEW

Solubility is an important parameter to achieve for the bioavailability of a drug to reach the therapeutic windows. Garcinia mangostana Linn is a plant with great potency for the development of natural medicine. Alpha-mangostin is one of the secondary metabolites of G. mangostana and has been reported to have several pharmacological activities. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a system that classifies drugs based on their solubility and permeability. Due to its low solubility but high permeation, alpha-mangostin is categorized into class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. Therefore, the determination of dosage forms and modification of solubility enhancers is limited due to its physical properties, as mentioned above. This disadvantage requires new methods to improve its solubility to administer alpha-mangostin, especially for oral administration. Here, we discuss the development of the methods to increase alpha-mangostin solubility to be applied to formulate a dosage form to reach a useful plasma level for medication.

Overview on Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) based biowaiver requirements in African countries

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-based biowaiver are meant to reduce the need for establishing in vivo bioequivalence in situations where in vitro data may be considered to provide a reasonable estimate of the relative in vivo performance of two products. The BCS is a scientific approach designed to predict medicinal absorption based on the aqueous solubility and intestinal absorptive characteristics of the Pharmaceutical product. To ensure interchangeability, the multisource product must be therapeutically equivalent to the comparator product. Types of in vivo equivalence studies include comparative pharmacokinetic studies, comparative pharmacodynamic studies and comparative clinical studies. This article briefly explains the BCS based biowaiver requirements in six major African countries i.e. Zimbabwe, South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, Botswana and Tanzania which facilitates regulatory medicine approval process when the dossier (application) is approved based on evidence of equivalence other than In vivo studies.

Review: Effect of Different Methods on the Multicomponents Crystal Formation from Medicinal Natural Ingredient Compounds

Solubility is an important parameter for the bioavailability of drugs that are difficult to dissolve. Natural compounds that are included in class II in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) are Apigenin, Quercetin, Genistein, Curcumin, and Piperin. These drugs have low solubility in water and high permeability so that they affect the dissolution rate and as well as their bioavailability, to increase the solubility they are made with multicomponent crystals. This review aims to provide information on the method of making crystal multicomponent to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of BCS II drugs. Several methods that can be used in multicomponent are solvent drop grinding, solvent evaporation, assisted grinding, and slurry. The results showed that multicomponent crystals using several methods could increase the solubility and dissolution rates.

ICH Guideline for Biopharmaceutics Classification System-Based Biowaiver (M9): Toward Harmonization in Latin American Countries

The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) is a very important tool to replace the traditional in vivo bioequivalence studies with in vitro dissolution assays during multisource product development. This paper compares the most recent harmonized guideline for biowaivers based on the biopharmaceutics classification system and the BCS regulatory guidelines in Latin America and analyzes the current BCS regulatory requirements and the perspective of the harmonization in the region to develop safe and effective multisource products. Differences and similarities between the official and publicly available BCS guidelines of several Latin American regulatory authorities and the new ICH harmonization guideline were identified and compared. Only Chile, Brazil, Colombia, and Argentina have a more comprehensive BCS guideline, which includes solubility, permeability, and dissolution requirements. Although their regulatory documents have many similarities with the ICH guidelines, there are still major differences in their interpretation and application. This situation is an obstacle to the successful development of safe and effective multisource products in the Latin American region, not only to improve their access to patients at a reasonable cost, but also to develop BCS biowaiver studies that fulfill the quality standards of regulators in developed and emerging markets.

Novel Solid Forms of Insomnia Drug Suvorexant with Improved Solubility and Dissolution: Accessing Salts from Salt-Solvates Route

Suvorexant (SRX) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia. It belongs to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class-II with high permeability and poor solubility in...

Salts, Solvates and Hydrates of Multi-kinase Inhibitor Drug Pazopanib with Hydroxybenzoic Acids

The marketed formulation of Pazopanib (PAZ) suffers from low and variable bioavailability because of its poor dissolution rate and photostability issues. The drug falls under Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class...