RESPON PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL LIMA GENOTIP PADI HIBRIDA TERHADAP PUPUK ORGANIK TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

[RESPONSE OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIVE RICE HYBRID GENOTYPE ON THE ORGANIC FERTILIZER OF PALM OIL BUNCHES ON ULTISOL]. Oil Palm Bunches (OPB) are solid waste potential as organic fertilizer to improve soil physical, biological and chemical properties, especially on ultisol soils for rice development. This research was conducted in August - November 2019 in Padang Harapan, Bengkulu City. The materials used were F1 rice seeds, OPB organic fertilizer. The experimental design was a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was 5 hybrid genotypes (F1), namely, Kuning x Inpago5, Kuning x Inpago9, Kuning x Inpago6, Arang x Inpago8, and Kuning x Salumpikit. The second factor was the dosage of OPB, namely 0 (control), 10 tonnes/ha, 15 tonnes/ha, and 20 tonnes/ha, the experiment was repeated 3 times. The variables observed were plant height, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, the total number of fill grains, number of filled grains, number of empty grains, 1000 grain weight, and grain weight/hill. The results showed that there was an interaction between genotype and OPB on the number of tillers. The interaction between the Kuning x Salumpikit genotypes and 10 tonnes/ha of organic fertilizer produced the largest number of tillers. Genotype G3(Kuning x Inpago6) produced the best rice growth and yield. In this study, the optimum point for OPB fertilization on growth and yield of the five genotypes tested had not been obtained.

Rotavirus Genotypes in Hospitalized Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Before and After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Blantyre, Malawi, 1997–2019

Background Rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix [RV1]) has reduced diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and deaths in Malawi. We examined the trends in circulating rotavirus genotypes in Malawi over a 22-year period to assess the impact of RV1 introduction on strain distribution. Methods Data on rotavirus-positive stool specimens among children aged <5 years hospitalized with diarrhea in Blantyre, Malawi before (July 1997–October 2012, n = 1765) and after (November 2012–October 2019, n = 934) RV1 introduction were analyzed. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were assigned using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results A rich rotavirus strain diversity circulated throughout the 22-year period; Shannon (H′) and Simpson diversity (D′) indices did not differ between the pre- and postvaccine periods (H′ P < .149; D′ P < .287). Overall, G1 (n = 268/924 [28.7%]), G2 (n = 308/924 [33.0%]), G3 (n = 72/924 [7.7%]), and G12 (n = 109/924 [11.8%]) were the most prevalent genotypes identified following RV1 introduction. The prevalence of G1P[8] and G2P[4] genotypes declined each successive year following RV1 introduction, and were not detected after 2018. Genotype G3 reemerged and became the predominant genotype from 2017 onward. No evidence of genotype selection was observed 7 years post–RV1 introduction. Conclusions Rotavirus strain diversity and genotype variation in Malawi are likely driven by natural mechanisms rather than vaccine pressure.

Agronomic Performance, Response and Efficient Use of Potassium in Genotypes Corn (Zea mays)

The study aims to select maize for the response and efficiency of the use of potassium (K), in the municipality of Gurupi, state of Tocantins. Two trials of maize genotypes were carried out in Gurupi-TO, in the off-season 2017, one for high K condition and another for K low, applied in coverage. The experimental design of each experiment was a randomized block design with three replicates and seven treatments. The average grain production BK (6997 kg ha−1) was lower than the AK (7787 kg ha−1), which confirms that the application of potassium fertilizers in maize makes this answer the applications collaborating with better yields. The genotype (G3) showed that high yield in BK environment (above the average, 4532 kg ha−1) and low response rate application of paragraph, they are defined as efficient, unresponsive. The genotype G2 was classified as efficient and responsive being indicated for producers of both technological levels.

Flowering, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Heliconia Genotypes Under Shade House Conditions

The present research work was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta during 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with three replications and with 8 genotypes. The treated rhizomes were planted under 50 per cent shadehouse condition. All the flowering, physiological attributes and anthocyanin content varied significantly among multiple heliconia genotypes grown under shadehouse conditions. Among multiple genotypes, inflorescence length (26.18 cm), number of spikes clump-1 (4.50), number of bracts spike-1 (9.56) stomatal conductance (0.38 mol m-2 s-1), rate of photosynthesis (9.23 µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (4.17 mmol m-2 s-1) and anthocyanin content in flowers (3.64 mg 100 g-1 tissue) recorded highest in genotype G6. However significantly longest stalk (61.25 cm), maximum bract size (25.38 cm2) were recorded in G2 and G1, respectively. While more leaf intercellular CO2 (317.38 µmol m-2 s-1) was recorded in genotype G3.

Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the elusive, but epidemiologically important Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G3

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe parasitic disease caused by the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Human infections are most commonly associated with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), comprising genotypes G1 and G3. The objective of the current study was to provide first insight into the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G3. Despite the epidemiological importance of the genotype, it has remained poorly explored due to the ambiguity in the definition of the genotype. However, it was recently demonstrated that long sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provide a reliable method to discriminate G1 and G3 from each other. Therefore, we sequenced near-complete mtDNA of 39 G3 samples, covering most of the known distribution range and host spectra of the genotype. The phylogenetic network revealed high genetic variation within E. granulosus s.s. G3 and while G3 is significantly less prevalent worldwide than G1, the genetic diversity of both of the genotypes is equally high. We also present the results of the Bayesian phylogeographic analysis, which yielded several well-supported diffusion routes of genotype G3 originating from Turkey and Iran, suggesting the Middle East as the origin of the genotype.

Appearance of a novel measles G3 strain in multiple European countries within a two month period, 2010

During late 2010, a previously unrecognised strain of measles genotype G3 virus was identified in five different European countries by the World Health Organization Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Apart from one, none had a travel history to south-east Asia, the usual source of G3 viruses, although epidemiological links could be established between some of the cases. This case series illustrates the value of genotyping and sequencing in tracking measles infections, and identifying otherwise unrecognised chains of transmission.