Variability of Time and Amplitude ECG Indicators in Older Adults

The purpose of this article was to determine the effect of the clinostatic test on the electrical properties of the myocardium in older adults leading an active lifestyle. Materials and methods. The study involved 38 people aged between 70 and 90 years living in a northern city (Syktyvkar, 61°N) and leading an active lifestyle. The indicators of the electrical properties of the cardiac muscle were determined before and after the clinostatic test. For this purpose, an ECG was recorded in the standard lead II in the standing and lying positions. Results. Using the method of paired comparisons, we showed a decrease in heart rate under the influence of the clinostatic test from 76 ± 10 beats/min to 64 ± 10 beats/min. The variability of ECG components according to pNN50 (the percentage of successive NN intervals differing from each other by more than 50 ms) in older adults in the standing position was, on average, two times lower than in the lying position. The PP interval increased from 0.81 ± 0.12 s (in the standing position) to 0.90 ± 0.10 s (in the lying position). The PT interval remained practically unchanged, staying at the level of (0.46 ± 0.07) – (0.49 ± 0.07) s. The TP segment grew from 0.35 to 0.42 ± 0.10 s. The RD amplitude was 1.04 ± 0.43 mV in the standing and 0.88 ± 0.30 mV in the lying position; the propagation rate of depolarization in the cardiac muscle was 245 ± 137 and 205 ± 106 mm/s, respectively. In addition, the paper discussed the mechanism of opposite reactions to the clinostatic test, i.e. increasing duration of cardiointervals and decreasing amplitude indicators. For citation: Irzhak L.I., Russkikh N.G., Parshukova A.N. Variability of Time and Amplitude ECG Indicators in Older Adults. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 355–365. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z073

The onboard expert measuring system for assessing the technogenic risk during towing operations based on the fuzzy logic

The article describes a method used to create an on-board measuring system to determine the degree of risk in towing operations using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic. Based on the method of paired comparisons and transformations and using the interpolation method, membership functions of linguistic variables for determining the degree of risk were calculated. To eliminate the misperception of control commands in the tug in towing operations, the concordance component of risks was used. This method was used to assess the risk value for mooring with several operations. The on-board measuring system for risk assessment was developed. Its main component is a data bank containing factors that affect an assessment of the state and results of the fuzzy logic unit. The system can assist skippers in the decision-making process in shipboard operations. The fuzzy logic system was tested by interviewing maritime workers; the result proved the adequacy of this system.

Didactic Complexity Evaluation of Theorems Proofs of the School Geometry Course

In the study of geometry, the student’s assimilation of the reasonings carried out in the theorems proofs has great importance. The diffi culty of understanding reasonings depends on the number of logical links, terms diversity and semantic complexity of mathematical statements. The article proposes the method for determining the didactic complexity of the theorems proofs and the results of its application. The essence of the method consists in “measuring” the amount of semantic information in theorem formulation, picture, reasonings and multiplication of the received volume with the diversity indicator of the terms used. For this, the theorem statement, the picture and the actual proof should be presented in text form, and the resulting file should be analyzed using a special computer program which calculates the number of diff erent terms in this text, takes into account their complexity, and fi nds the diversity indicator. The expert estimates complexity of terms by counting the words included in its defi nition and by the method of paired comparisons. An assessment of 12 frequently used theorems was carried out; this allowed them to be ordered by complexity. For each theorem the proof volume, the total amount of semantic information in it, the terms diversity indicator, the logical reasoning number, the information folding coeffi cient and the didactic complexity were determined.

One-way pendulum?

Purpose Staff shortage in the UK National Health Service has a long history, but is widely predicted to become acute over the next decade. Falling enrolment rates in health professional training and restrictions to migrant labour recruitment have brought the, traditionally neglected, issue of staff retention into sharp relief. The purpose of this paper is to represent the first large scale systematic appraisal of the relative salience of recognised headline drivers of employee exodus from the NHS. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from an opportunity sample of 1,594 health professionals, managers and administrators employed by the NHS. Participants completed a paired ranking task (Case V method of paired comparisons, Thurston, 1927) to determine the relative importance of eight widely cited reasons for exit. The item set was derived from focus groups conducted as a component of the wider study. Findings Findings revealed almost universal consensus regarding the primacy of shortage of resources, job demands and time pressure. Pay was ranked lower than predicted. Flexible working arrangements do not presented as a key solution, and there is no support for claims of generational differences. Research limitations/implications Survivor population effects could constitute a source of sample bias, i.e. all participants were current NHS employees. It is possible that those who remain may be more resilient or hold different dispositions to leavers. Thus, comparisons by age and grade may not be comparing like with like. Tapping respondent beliefs about the actions of peers can embody some degree of inaccuracy and attribution bias. However, effects can be considered to operate as a source of common, rather than systematic, error across the demographics compared. The medical and dental sample was too small to give confidence in detected differences. Practical implications Findings challenge the claim that wider availability of flexible working hours will significantly reduce exit rates. Pay, being a source of dissatisfaction, does not constitute a key push variable in itself, rather its salience reflects the effort reward-imbalance produced by rises in job demands. Social implications Staff shortages in the NHS represent a threat to: public well-being – waiting lists and demand for care; the well-being of who continue to work in the NHS – job demands and resources; the employment prospects of staff who leave involuntarily, e.g. on grounds of incapacity and threats to health and well-being – extending to impacts on their dependents. Originality/value Issues of staff retention within the NHS are topical and under researched. The findings provide an up to date picture of the relative influence of headline drivers of early exit from the NHS. The study draws upon a more diverse and comprehensive sample of NHS employees that any other known previous studies of early exit. Findings are of potential international relevance to other State health systems. The authors believe this to be the largest (sample) known application of the method of paired comparisons.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE OPTIMAL QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF GRAIN OF THE BASIC CEREAL CROPS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL CONDITIONS

Разработана многомерная статистическая модель расчета оптимальных количественно-качественных показателей зерна основных злаковых культур, выращиваемых в природно-климатических зонах Красноярского края, с целью обоснования рационального размещения новых производственных предприятий зерноперерабатывающей отрасли. В основу рассчитанной многомерной статистической модели положено ранжирование степени соответствия количества и качества зерна, производительность и коэффициент использования производственных мощностей зерноперерабатывающих предприятий с применением метода парных сравнений. Разработан механизм комплексной оценки количественно-качественных показателей зернового сырья для пищевых производств. Предложенный метод математической обработки данных доказывает целесообразность группировки специализаций основных заводов по зонам в соответствии с количественно-качественными показателями зерна. The multidimensional statistical model of calculation of optimum quantitative and qualitative indicators of grain of the main cereal crops grown in climatic zones of Krasnoyarsk region for the purpose of justification of rational placement of the new production enterprises of grain processing branch is developed. The ranking of the degree of correspondence between the quantity and quality of grain, productivity and utilization of production capacities of grain processing enterprises using the method of paired comparisons is the basis of the calculated multidimensional statistical model. The mechanism of complex assessment of quantitative and qualitative indicators of grain raw materials for food production is developed. The proposed method ofmathematical processing of the data proves the feasibility of grouping of specializations to major factories in the zones in accordance with the quantitative and qualitative indices of the grain.

Pedagogical support for the development of social intelligence in the future teacher at the University

The problem covered in the article is important for ensuring the effectiveness of the process of development of social intelligence in students mastering the profession of a teacher at the University. The article analyzes the concepts of "social intelligence", "self-development", "the need for self-development" and substantiates the pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the process of development of social intelligence in high school. The following methods were used: the test of social intelligence j. Gilford and M. Sullivan (Russian adaptation of the test by E. S. Mikhailova), the method of paired comparisons by V. V. Skvortsov. The actual needs of future teachers with different levels of development of social intelligence are revealed. The study allows us to conclude that the effectiveness of the development of social intelligence in the future teacher at the University is achieved through the implementation of pedagogical technology, pedagogical support, means of classroom and extracurricular activities.

Matrix of pairwise comparisons of samples in evaluation of the effect of dosed physical load on the body by

The parameters of cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems in untrained and trained subjects by the methods of classical statistics in terms of the influence of physical activity are examined. A new method of matrices of pairwise comparisons of samples, which allows to evaluate the effect of exercise on the human body is proposed. Calculation of matrices of pairwise comparisons of samples of trained subjects before and after exer-cise showed a decrease in the number of random pairs of samples of RR-intervals that are (pairs of) can be attri-buted to a single population, indicating a stabilizing effect of exercise. It demonstrated the feasibility of applying the method of paired comparisons matrix samples tremorograms and RR-intervals in the evaluation of the reaction of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems of humans to dosed physical stress.

Effect of climate change in Meghalaya as perceived by the scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Meghalaya, India

A study was conducted to assess the adverse effect of climate change as perceived by the scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Megahlaya. Data were collected from 25 scientists by questionnaire method in the month of October,2012 to January,2013. For this purpose five important components viz. Environment, Hill agriculture and allied, Human and animal health, Forest and wildlife and Hydrology and water resources were identified and presented to the scientists in pairs, in 10 possible combinations, and the scientists were requested to select one component from each pair separately which would be more adversely affected, than the other component due to climate change. For analysis of data the method of Paired Comparisons was followed.It was found that due to climate change Hill agriculture and allied may be severely damaged with highest scale value of 1.513 followed by hydrology and water resources(0.629),environment(0.418),forest and wildlife(0.029) and least affected component is Human and animal health(0.00).The findings revealed that Hill agriculture will be most adversely affected due to climate change in Meghalaya.One of the main reason is practising of jhum cultivation. Therefore,the scientists and the government of Meghalaya may adopt some necessary steps for controlling jhum cultivation