Content based video retrieval using discrete cosine transform

A content based video retrieval (CBVR)framework is built in this paper. One of the essential features of video retrieval process and CBVR is a color value. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used to extract a query video features to compare with the video features stored in our database. Average result of 0.6475 was obtained by using the DCT after implementing it to the database we created and collected, and on all categories. This technique was applied on our database of video, Check 100 database videos, 5 videos in each category.

Just Transitions, Poverty and Energy Consumption: Personal Carbon Accounts and Households in Poverty

Complex relations exist between issues of poverty, responsibility and just transitions toward reduced household energy use. One proposed transitional instrument is Personal Carbon Accounts (PCAs) which provide equal per capita carbon allowances and increase costs for additional usage. Previously modelled PCAs show that a third of households in poverty must curtail usage or pay more for some of their fuel, hitherto making PCAs ethically and politically untenable. Using the UK’s “Understanding Society” database, average per capita carbon allowances and—using occupancy data—the hypothetical allowance each household would receive within a PCA scheme are calculated. Occupancy levels, equivalised incomes and conversion of expenditure to carbon emissions permit analysis of households emitting more or less carbon compared to their allocation. We demonstrate that households emitting greater than average levels of CO2 do so mainly for lifestyle reasons, irrespective of income. Any calculation of legitimate social and environmental cost of CO2, even for households in poverty, must consider questions of choice and capacity to act. This suggests that even if certain low income, high emitting households are disadvantaged by the transition associated with personal carbon allowances this may still be a just transition.