Anatomical characterization of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. fruit subjected to refrigeration

Passiflora cincinnata is a species of wild passion fruit whose fruit has potential for use by the food industry. In this context, an anatomical study of the pericarp may help in understanding the changes which occur during the postharvest period. The objective of this work was to anatomically characterize the P. cincinnata pericarp, focusing on the structural changes which occur during refrigerated storage. The selected fruits were kept in net-like packaging at 5°C and evaluated every 15 days for a period of 90 days. Pericarp samples were hand cut on these dates for structural description and to detect starch, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and lignin through histochemical tests. Other samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The fruit is composed of three anatomically distinct regions: exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The mesocarp stands out for the presence of sclerified cells and the lax parenchyma, which increased its number of layers during the evaluated period. Idioblasts with prismatic crystals, drusen, silica crystals and raphides were identified, but the amounts reduced over time. This reduction and enlargement of the lax parenchyma were the main changes observed in the postharvest period of P. cincinnata pericarps.

Bilayer goat’s milk yogurt with tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) and wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast) jam: Characterization and acceptability

The aim of this study was to develop a goat's milk-based yogurt with a layer of tamarind and passion fruit jelly on the bottom of the package (bilayer yogurt) as well as to carry out the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization. of product. For comparison purposes, goat's milk products were compared with the same cow's milk product. The physicochemical analyzes showed that the samples are within the standards of the legislation, both for yogurts and jams. Regarding microbiological analyzes, there was no microbial growth in any of the samples evaluated. Sensory tests were carried out with 60 tasters that were aged between 14 and 32 years. Sensory attributes related to “appearance”, “color”, “aroma”, “consistency” and “flavor” were evaluated, among them only consistency showed a significant difference due to the chemical characteristics of goat's milk, however, in percentage values goat's milk yogurt was rated with the highest grades. In the global impression and purchase intention, the analysis of the data obtained showed that the values attributed by the tasters are located in the highest scores of the hedonic scale. Thus, for bilayer goat's milk yogurts with tamarind or wild passion fruit jams, the results are favorable and highly acceptable. These results denote the possibility of insertion of these new products in the regional market in view of the acceptance of the product by the tasters as well as the intention to purchase, in addition to the appreciation of the regional fruits present in the jams elaborated.

Sample size for estimate the average of Passiflora caerulea fruits traits

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to determine the sample size needed to estimate the average of wild passion fruit ( Passiflora caerulea ) traits. It was collected randomly, 133, 99 and 133 fruit of wild passion fruit in 30, 21 and 29 plants, located respectively, in the cities of São Borja, Itaqui and Uruguaiana, on the west border of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, totaling 365 fruits harvested in 80 plants. In each fruit were measured ten traits: width, length, fruit, skin, and pulp weight, pulp yield, luminosity and tone of skin and pulp. Then, central tendency, dispersion and distribution measures were calculated and the normality of the data checked. After, it was determined the sample size needed to estimate the average for each character, assuming estimation errors equal to 1, 2, ..., 10% of the mean estimate with confidence levels of 95% and 99%. In wild passion fruit, 12 fruits are sufficient to estimate the mean of luminosity and tone of the skin and pulp, with an estimation error of 5% of the mean and 95% confidence, regardless of the evaluation location (São Borja, Itaqui or Uruguaiana). In this same level of accuracy 36 fruits are needed to estimate the width and length, 52 fruits to estimate the pulp yield and 319 fruits for the evaluation of the fruit, skin and pulp weight.