Comparison of Nutrient Digestibility of Bligon and Kejobong Goats Fed by King Grass and Peanut Straw

This experiment aimed to determine the nutrient digestibility of Bligon and Kejobong goats fed by king grass and peanut straw. The sample used was 6 to 8 months of five male Bligon goats, and five male Kejobong goats with the initial body weight of 15 to 20 kg and placed in separated metabolism cages. The diet and water were supplied ad libitum. This experiment was done in 14 days of adaptation period and seven days of the collection period. In the collection period, samples of feed, refusal feed, and feces were collected to get the chemical content includes dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrient (TDN). The data obtained were subjected to a T-test analysis. Results showed that nutrients intake, digested nutrient as well as nutrient digestibility of Bligon and Kejobong goats were not significantly different. However, Kejobong goats had EE and CP intake of 15.42% and 14.02%, digested DM, OM, and NFE of 16.29%, 15.71%, and 13.93% respectively, as well as NFE digestibility 4.37% higher than those Bligon goats (P< 0.05). Therefore, there was no difference in nutrient intake, digested, and digestibility of nutrients in Bligon and Kejobong goats fed by king grass and peanut straw. However, Kejobong goats appeared to have higher EE and CP intake, as well as digested and digestibility of DM, OM, and NFE than Bligon goats.

Changes in the physicochemical characteristics of peanut straw biochar after freeze-thaw and dry-wet aging treatments of the biomass

Effects of aging after pyrolysis were tested relative to the physicochemical characteristics of peanut straw biochar. Biochar was prepared at pyrolysis temperatures of 350 °C, 500 °C, and 650 °C; then, it was freeze-thawed and dry-wet aged. The physicochemical characteristics of the fresh and aged biochar were analyzed. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature, ambient temperature, and humidity affected the physicochemical characteristics of the biochar. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the yield and surface acidic functional groups of the fresh biochar decreased, whereas the ash content, C content, pH, specific surface area, and mesoporous volume of the fresh biochar increased. The aging treatment increased the acidic functional groups content in the biochar and reduced the aromatic functional groups content, which decreased the pH value of the biochar. The aging treatment increased the specific surface area and pore volume of the biochar, and the effect of freeze-thaw aging was greater than that of dry-wet aging. The aging treatment also destroyed the complete shape of the fresh biochar, and reduced its stability. After the aging treatment, the C content of the biochar decreased, whereas the O content increased, due to oxidation of the biochar.

KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF YANG MENDAPAT SUPLEMENTASI UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) DARI BEBERAPA JENIS LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN RUMPUT LAPANG PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO)

NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITY WHICH GET THE SUPPLEMENTED UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) OF SOME CROP RESIDUES TYPE AND LOCAL GRASS ON ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE. A research evaluating dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of crops residues and local grass supplemented urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on Ongole crossbred cattle (PO). Four male PO cattle, 12 – 18 months of age with ± 100 kg of body weight were used in this experiment. Latin Square Design 4 x 4 with 4 cows and 4 treatments was used. The treatments were : R1 : UMMB + local grass, R2: UMMB + Corn straw, R3: UMMB + Rice straw, and R4: UMMB + peanut straw. The results showed that there were significant effect (P<0.01) of treatments on NDF and ADF digestibility. C1 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass (68.44% and 61.37%) were higher (P<0.05) compared to crop residues (corn straw 65.25% and 58.59%, rice straw 62.63% dan 52.80%, and peanut straw 67.53% and 59.81%) respectively. C2 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw was higher than grasses straw; and C3 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of rice straw was lower than corn straw. The results have concluded that : 1. NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass were higher compared to crop residues. 2. NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw (peanut straw) was higher than grasses straw (corn straw and ricce straw);3. NDF and ADF digestibility of corn straw was higher than peanut straw.Key words: NDF and ADF digestibility, crop residues, UMMB, ongole crossbred cattle

Efektivitas Penggunaan Daun Kembang Sepatu sebagai Agensia Defaunasi dalam Pakan Berkonsentrat Tinggi dengan Jenis Hijauan Berbeda Ditinjau dari Kecernaan Nutrienpada Kambing Kacang Jantan

<p><em>Feeding high-concentrateration stimulates the protozoa to grow quickly, thus inhibits the growth of rumen bacteria,and leads to decrease in digestibility of nutrients, especially crude fiber. Defaunation is required to reduce the protozoa population in the rumen, for exampleby using China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) leafwhich containing saponins. This study investigated the effectiveness of China rose leaf as defaunation agent in high-concentrate feed with different forage based on nutrient digestibility in kacang goats. A total of16 male kacang goats with average body weight of 13.68 ± 1.55 kg was divided into 2 treatments i.e. P1: 40% peanut straw + 50% concentrate + 10% China roseleaf and P2: 40% king grass + 50% concentrate + 10% China rose leaf. The data obtained were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the goats fed peanut straw generated higher (P&lt;0.05) dry matter intake than the goats fed king grass (819.56 vs 678.65 gram/head/day). Furthermore, the dry matter digestibility in goats fed peanut straw was higher (P&lt;0.01) than king grass (81.93 vs71.64%). The same results were observed for the digestibility of organic matter (82.96 vs74.35%) and crude fiber(78.12 vs 64.00%). It can be concluded that the use of China roseleaf in ration containing peanut strawwas more effective as defaunation agent as indicated by higher nutrient digestibility rather than in ration containing king grass.</em></p>

Evaluasi Biofermentasi Rumen Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Berserat

<p><em>The experiment was conducted to evaluat</em><em>e the nutritional value of ground peanut straw, king grass and corn forage </em><em>and their ability </em><em>to provid</em><em>e nutrients for livestock in terms of rumen fermentation. Three rumen</em><em>-fistulated </em><em>PO </em><em>cattles were used </em><em>to investigate rumen fermentation parameter (pH,</em><em> NH_3,</em><em>VFA). The cattle</em><em>s were fed ground peanut straw (PS), king grass (KG) and corn forage (CF) ad libitum as single f</em><em>eed. The values of rumen fermentation parameters were analy</em><em>zed using</em><em> Analysis of Variance of Completely </em><em>Randomized Design.</em><em> The result showed that rumen pH,</em><em> and of cattle fed with PS,</em><em> KG and CF were 6.94, 6.68 and 6.71</em><em>, NH₃ </em><em>concentrations 13.71, 6.85 and 4.37mg/100ml</em><em>, and total VFA concentrations 48.99, 70.17 and 51.59 mmol/l, respectively. Values of pH and NH₃ concentration were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) among </em><em>treatments, meanwhile VFA concentration were not significantly different. Ground peanut straw </em><em>resulted the highest rumen fermentation parameters.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Key </em></strong><strong><em>words</em></strong><em> : </em><em>Peranakan Onggole cattle, </em><em>fibrous </em><em>feed, </em><em>nutritive value, rumen </em><em>fermentation </em></p>

Evaluasi Biofermentasi Rumen Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Berserat

<p><em>The experiment was conducted to evaluat</em><em>e the nutritional value of ground peanut straw, king grass and corn forage </em><em>and their ability </em><em>to provid</em><em>e nutrients for livestock in terms of rumen fermentation. Three rumen</em><em>-fistulated </em><em>PO </em><em>cattles were used </em><em>to investigate rumen fermentation parameter (pH,</em><em> NH_3,</em><em>VFA). The cattle</em><em>s were fed ground peanut straw (PS), king grass (KG) and corn forage (CF) ad libitum as single f</em><em>eed. The values of rumen fermentation parameters were analy</em><em>zed using</em><em> Analysis of Variance of Completely </em><em>Randomized Design.</em><em> The result showed that rumen pH,</em><em> and of cattle fed with PS,</em><em> KG and CF were 6.94, 6.68 and 6.71</em><em>, NH₃ </em><em>concentrations 13.71, 6.85 and 4.37mg/100ml</em><em>, and total VFA concentrations 48.99, 70.17 and 51.59 mmol/l, respectively. Values of pH and NH₃ concentration were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) among </em><em>treatments, meanwhile VFA concentration were not significantly different. Ground peanut straw </em><em>resulted the highest rumen fermentation parameters.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Key </em></strong><strong><em>words</em></strong><em> : </em><em>Peranakan Onggole cattle, </em><em>fibrous </em><em>feed, </em><em>nutritive value, rumen </em><em>fermentation </em></p>

ANALISIS PRODUKSI LIMBAH TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK SAPI DI KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA

PRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF FOOD CROP WASTE PRODUCT AS CATTLE FEED IN NORTH BOLAANGMONGONDOW REGENCY. Cattle can be used as the main economical source giving added value in farm of the farmers to support their family needs in North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Farmers utilized food crop waste product for cattle feed maintenance. The problem was that the food crop waste product potential was unknown to support cattle development in the farm of the farmers. The objective of this study was to analyze food crop waste product potential. Materials in this study were involving food crop area, type of food crop waste product, and cattle. Research method was applied by survey method involving primer and secondary data. Data were analyzed by proximate analysis conducted by Research Institution and Industrial Standardization, Manado and descriptive analysis. Agricultural waste product was local feedstuff as crude fiber source that can be used for cattle feed. The potential feedstuff was calculated on the basis of feedstuff production multiplied by crop cultivation area size and expressed in dry matter (DM). The highest potential of DM was the wet rice paddy straw, followed by dry rice paddy straw, corn straw, sweet potato leaves, cassava leaves, green bean straw, and peanut straw. This study concluded that dry matter productions of wet rice paddy straw, corn straw and peanut straw were highly produced in Sanggkub district. Dry matter productions of dry rice paddy straw, cassava leaves, and sweet potato leaves were highly produced in East Bolaang Itang district, while dry matter production of green bean straw was highly produced in West Bolaang Itang district. Based on this research it can be suggested to introduce the technology related to the preservation of food crop waste product in North Bolaang Mongondow regency. Keywords: Waste product, food crop, cattle, North Bolaang Mongondow regency.