STRUCTURE OF CEREAL-LEGUME HERBALS WITH DIFFERENT METHODS OF SOWING AND IRRIGATION IN ARID CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA

In recent years, livestock farms in the Astrakhan region have mainly used grasses from natural hayfields and pastures for fodder. But, due to the sharp aridization of the climate, and, as a consequence, the more frequent droughts, as well as the unregulated growth of the number of animals on farms, the reserves of natural herbage are often insufficient. Therefore, the region began to increase the area of sown hayfields for irrigation. The aim of the work is to study the effect of various irrigation methods on the productivity of cereal-leguminous mixtures with multi-cut use in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian region. The studies were carried out in 2017-2020 in the Astrakhan region. All studied irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m, periodic flooding), with the exception of subsoil irrigation, with an ordinary method of sowing contributed to the development of both cereals and legumes. In these variants of the experiment, cereals occupied a significant part in the total herbage - from 40.0 to 61.0%. When using the spread sowing method, only in one variant, the share of cereal grasses was 54.0% (periodic flooding). In all others with this method of sowing, the amount of cereals in the total mass was insignificant, or they were completely absent. The widespread method of sowing was also the most productive in all the years of research. The maximum yield in the experiment was noted in all variants of the experiment in the third year of the life of grasses in 2019.The highest productivity with the spread method of sowing was noted in 2019 in the variants of the experiment with a belt laying depth of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 98.1, 104.4 and 111.0 t/ha, respectively. In the variants with the row-sowing method, the yield was lower than with the wide-spread one. The highest yield with this method of sowing was also noted in 2019 in variants with subsurface drip irrigation with a belt laying depth of 0.35 and 0.45 m and amounted to 105.5 and 104.8 t/ha, respectively

Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree).

M. quinquenervia is a moderately fast-growing, fire-tolerant tree capable of growing on nutrient-deficient sites with continuous or periodic flooding in the humid and sub-humid tropics. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is most likely to be grown on relatively short coppice rotations that maximize the production of small-sized logs. M. quinquenervia makes excellent fuelwood, provides useful timber, and is a good source of honey and medicinal niaouli oil. The botany, cultivation, weed management, insect pests, biomass and oil yields, breeding, oil distillation and oil properties of Melaleuca spp., and niaouli oil of M. quinquenervia are covered by Southwell and Lowe (1999).

Survival of forest species of the caatinga in ciliary plantations in the state of Paraíba

ABSTRACT: Riparian forests have peculiar characteristics in relation to architecture and flowering, which are intrinsically linked to the high water content of the soil and the air where they develop due to both the superficiality of the water table and periodic flooding. The aim of this research was to assess the survival or establishment of seedlings in the field through the collection of survival information in order to verify which species group(s) is most feasible for recovering of riparian forest in Caatinga areas. The riparian plantations were conducted in three rural communities from March to April, at the Riacho Trapiá, Rio Espinharas and Rio da Cruz rivers, municipality of Maturéia-PB, respectively for three years (2003, 2004 and 2005). Twenty-two native species were used, covering six pioneers, eight secondary, five climaxes and three of undetermined ecological group. The results showed that the pioneer and secondary species had better survival performance in the areas of riparian stand plantations, this may have occurred because they had the capacity to adapt in places with adverse conditions, which demonstrates their indication for recovering of riparian forest. KEYWORDS: northeast, revegetation, semi-arid.

Survival of Forest Species of the Caatinga in Ciliary Plantations in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

Riparian forests have peculiar characteristics in relation to architecture and flowering, which are intrinsically linked to the high water content of the soil and the air where they develop due to both the superficiality of the water table and periodic flooding. The aim of this research was to assess the survival or establishment of seedlings in the field through the collection of survival information in order to verify which species group(s) is most feasible for recovering of riparian forest in Caatinga areas. The riparian plantations were conducted in three rural communities from March to April, at the Riacho Trapiá, Rio Espinharas and Rio da Cruz rivers, municipality of Maturéia-PB, respectively for three years (2003, 2004 and 2005). Twenty-two native species were used, covering six pioneers, eight secondary, five climaxes and three of undetermined ecological group. The results showed that the pioneer and secondary species had better survival performance in the areas of riparian stand plantations, this may have occurred because they had the capacity to adapt in places with adverse conditions, which demonstrates their indication for recovering of riparian forest.

Análise Temporal da Dinâmica de Aspectos Físicos Fluviais no Rio Abobral-Pantanal-MS-BR

O conhecimento de características geomorfológicas fluviais é de suma relevância para estudos voltados aos recursos hídricos, tanto do ponto de vista da hidráulica, da sedimentologia, como também do ponto de vista do planejamento regional. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo individualizar e analisar sazonalmente a dinâmica fluvial do rio Abobral no Pantanal-MS situado na bacia do Alto Paraguai, compreendendo uma área composta por extensa superfície de acumulação sujeita a inundações periódicas. Para alcançar o objetivo supracitado, foram executados procedimentos divididos em quatro etapas: coleta de amostras; individualização morfológica, sedimentológica e hidráulica; processamento dos dados cartográficos e estabelecer correlações entre as variáveis físico-fluviais. Deste modo, observou-se que tipicamente o trecho do rio estudado, é caracterizado como meandrante em planície de inundação, com aspectos de sazonalidades de cheias e secas, além disso, no período de inverno, começa a cessar a vazão e o rio Abobral, no qual, configura-se seccionado, com presença de bancos de areias e aspectos de lagos encaixados e alongados na planície. Temporal analysis of the fluvial physical aspects dynamics in the Aboral river-Pantanal-MS-BR A B S T R A C TThe knowledge of fluvial geomorphological characteristics is of great relevance for studies on water resources, both from the point of view of hydraulics and sedimentology, as well as from the point of view of regional planning. In this sense, this article aims to individualize and analyse seasonally the fluvial physical aspects of the Abobral river in the Pantanal-MS located in the Upper Paraguay watershed, an area composed by extensive accumulation surface subject to periodic flooding. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, the executed procedures divided into four steps: sample collection; morphological, sedimentological and hydraulic individualization; cartographic data processing and the establishment of correlations between the physical-fluvial variables. In this way, it was observed that typically the river section studied typically characterized as meandering in floodplain, with aspects of seasonality of floods and droughts, in addition, in the winter period, the flow and the Abobral river cease, which, it is sectioned, with the presence of sand banks and aspects of lakes embedded and elongated in the plain.Keywords: Pantanal, Abobral river, fluvial geomorphology.

THE NEST, EGGS, AND NESTLING OF COOPMANS’S ELAENIA ELAENIA BRACHYPTERA (TYRANNIDAE)

We provide the first descriptions of the nest, eggs, and nestling of Coopmans’s Elaenia Elaenia brachyptera from the foothills of northeastern Ecuador. We describe 7 active nests, 10 eggs, and 1 mid-aged nestling. Nests are open cups, woven of flexible, pale fibers and rootlets, externally decorated with various loosely-arranged materials. They are placed in small saplings within flat, rocky, river floodplains. Nest placement and architecture make nests difficult to distinguish from naturally accumulated materials left behind by periodic flooding. Clutch size ranged from 1–2 eggs and we estimate incubation to last 15–16 days. Eggs are typical of the genus, buffy to creamy white with small cinnamon and lavender spots and blotches concentrated at the larger end. We also provide a comprehensive review of published literature on the nests, eggs, and breeding ecology for the genus Elaenia, including studies on 30 of the 46 currently recognized taxa.

Dynamics of Sediment Organic Matter along Bandama River in the Department of Sinématiali, Northern Côte d’Ivoire

This study examines the distribution of organic matter in areas affected by frequent floods along the east bank of the Bandama River in the department of Sinématiali. The sites sampled are defined by two zones, one near the stream and one far from the stream. Samples collected were analyzed, including for texture with aggregation analysis by the Robinson pipette, and standard sediment analysis methods for measuring organic carbon (CO), nitrogen (N), and organic matter (MO). Statistical analyzes were carried out to assess the differences between the physico-chemical parameters of the different sampling areas. Results show that sediment from the various study sites has a sando-limonous to limono-clay texture. Total organic matter levels are higher in surface sediments that contain the lowest proportions of clay. Rates range from 31.98 gkg-1 to 38.98 gkg-1. In depth, the rates obtained are very low and range from 6.3 gkg-1 to 8.193 gkg-1. The low rates recorded in depth are reported to be related to leaching caused by periodic flooding. These results show that successive floods have a direct effect on the dynamics of the physico-chemical properties of the sediments along the shore.