SEGMENTATION OF KIDNEY STONE REGION IN ULTRA SOUND IMAGEBY USING REGION PARTITION AND MOUNTING SEGMENTATION ALGORITHM (RPM)

One of the safest techniques for disease diagnosis which can be used in any part of the body is ultrasound imaging. The cost when compared with MRI, PET etc are higher than using ultra sound images is the one of the major reason. Further, it is an efficient technique for initial diagnosis and it is free from any radiation exposure. This paper concentrates on segmentation of kidney from abdominal ultrasound images. There are many common ailments affecting kidney. Hence conducting study on this segmented image becomes easy with an efficient segmentation technique. In this paper Various algorithms to pull out kidney regions from abdominal ultrasound images which are discussed by many researchers are also investigated. Due to the complicated internal organs of the abdominal region, extraction of only the kidney region is very challenging and is the major drawback of ultrasound imaging. a new technique where the collected abdominal ultrasound image is cleaned, to remove unwanted noise produced due to various interferences has been processed by this paper, the kidney region is segmented after applying the filtering technique. the subjected to Region indicator contour segmentation method to extract the renal calculi which is the region of interest in this study is this extracted kidney image. with a reasonable number of dataset and applied the statistical performance test to check for the accuracy , the method is experimented .

Segmentation of Ultrasound Abdominal Images to extract Region of Interest

Ultrasound imaging is one of the safest techniques for disease diagnosis which can be used in any part of the body. One of the major reason for using ultrasound images is the cost when compared with MRI, PET etc. Further, it is free from any radiation exposure and is an efficient technique for initial diagnosis. This paper concentrates on segmentation of kidney from abdominal ultrasound images. There are many common ailments affecting kidney and hence conducting study on this segmented image becomes easy with an efficient segmentation technique. Various algorithms to pull out kidney regions from abdominal ultrasound images which are discussed by many researchers are also investigated in this paper. One of the major drawback of ultrasound image is that due to the complicated internal organs of the abdominal region, extraction of only kidney region is very challenging. This paper proposes a new technique where the collected abdominal ultrasound image is cleaned, to remove unwanted noise produced due to various interferences. After applying the filtering technique, kidney region is segmented. This extracted kidney image is subjected to Region indicator contour segmentation method to extract the renal calculi which is the region of interest in this study. The method is experimented with a reasonable number of dataset and applied the statistical performance test to check for the accuracy.

On the Ecology of an Adult Digenetic Trematode Proctoeces Subtenuis From a Lamellibranch Host Scrobicularia Plana

Typically, adult digenetic trematodes are found as parasites of vertebrates, but Freeman & Llewellyn (1958) described sexually mature, unencysted digeneans from the kidney region of the mud-dwelling lamellibranch Scrobicularia plana (da Costa) collected from Chalkwell, near Southend-on-Sea, in the Thames estuary. The trematodes were identified as belonging to the genus Proctoeces (Odhner, 1911) and of the family Fellodistomatidae, subfamily Haplocladinae (Odhner, 1911). Freeman and Llewellyn considered that the features exhibited by the specimens were consistent with the description for Proctoeces subtenuis (Linton, 1907) Hanson, 1950, a species which had been recorded up until that date only as a parasite of the hind gut of marine teleosts belonging to the families Labridae and Sparidae from the Red Sea, New Zealand and the eastern seaboard of America.

Study of the Radiohippuran Renogram Vascular Phase

SummaryVarious methods were compared of studying the vascular phase of the radiohippuran renogram in man. Radioalbumin which, during the short time interval studied, does not leave the circulation, was used to evaluate the vascular capacity of the kidney region: Approximately 2.48 times more radioactivity was observed during the vascular phase of the radiohippuran renogram than during the time interval when radioalbumin was contained in the vascular bed of the kidney region. This ratio was arrived at by investigating nephrectomized subjects, thereby eliminating the effects of radioactivity in extrarenal vessels of the kidney region. The higher radioactivity over the kidney region during the vascular phase, shortly after a single radiohippuran dose has been given, could be explained by a rapid secretory process but is more likely due to the presence of a renal mechanism that concentrates hippuran. This “hippuran trapping” would occur between the “vascular” and the secretory phases. In renal function studies with radiohippuran the additional use of radioalbumin to evaluate the vascular capacity of the renal region appears to be of advantage.