A Research on the Determination of Grain Yield of Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties in Late Autumn Sowing in The High Altitude Agricultural Area of Anatolia

Bu çalışma, Hakkâri ili Merkez Otluca köyünde 2019-2020 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma alanının denizden yüksekliği 2100 m’dir. Araştırma, geç sonbahar ekiminde Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinde verimi belirlemek için tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede üç arpa çeşidi (Larende, Tarm-92 ve Altıkat) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, başak boyu, başakta tane sayısı ve tane verimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada en yüksek tane verimi 243,1 kg/da ile Tarm-92 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Arpanın yüksek rakımlı tarlalarda geç sonbahar ekiminde sulama ihtiyacı olduğu bu nedenle sulanamayan alanlarda geç (dondurma) ekimin yapılmaması önerilmektedir.

Performance and Potentiality of Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes in Response to Sowing Date under Mediterranean Environment

Given the growing interest for camelina, as a multipurpose oilseed crop, seven cultivars and two sowing times were compared to characterize camelina’s production potential in the rainfed agroecosystems of Central Italy. A split-plot design, with sowing date as main plot (autumn and spring) and cultivar (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, and CELINE) as subplot, was adopted over two growing seasons (2017–2019). Phenology, yield and yield components, protein and oil content, and fatty acid profile were evaluated. Going from autumn to spring sowing, a significant reduction was observed in the number of days (139 vs. 54 days) and GDD (642 vs. 466 °C d) from emergence to beginning of flowering, with more consistent variations among cultivars. V1 and V2 were the earlier ones both in spring and autumn sowing. Autumn sowing increased seed yield (+18.0%), TSW (+4.1%), number of siliques per plant (+47.2%), contents of α-linolenic, eicosenoic, erucic and eicosadienoic acids, and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. Regarding genotype, V3 showed the best seed and oil yield in autumn, whereas V1 and CELINE were the best performing in spring. Finally, TSW and number of siliques per plant were the key yield components for camelina. Results identify, in relation to sowing date, the most suitable cultivars for the tested environment, in terms of earliness and quanti-qualitative traits.

THE PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS LODGING OF SEEDLINGS OF COMMON PINE IN AUTUMN SOWING AT THE NURSERY OF SFNR" ERTIS ORMANY»

Phytopathological studies of the state of shoots of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of autumn sowing when grown in protected soil with the use of Agrotex covering material were carried out. The results of survey showed that when using fertilizers and soil activators-nitrogen, phosphorus, boric acid, EM EKO KZ Soil, EM EKO KZ soil (NPK) and humus, there is a drop in seedlings from 7.5 to 32.6%. The main reason for the death of shoots was the development and spread of infectious pathogens of seedlings. The species composition of pathogenic microflora in diseased plants is represented by a group of soil fungi belonging to the anamorphic division-Fusarium, Alternaria. Evaluation of the experience of introducing substances into the soil during autumn sowing showed that their use, as a rule, does not affect the resistance of plants to infectious pathogens, with the exception of boric acid, which has fungicidal activity.

Autumn sowing and first-year mowing enhance flowering species abundance and diversity in wildflower strips

Description of the subject. Wildflower strips are used to provide flower resources for insects in agroecosystems. There is a need to determine implementation processes that maximize the development of the sown flowering species. Objectives. To determine the effect of i) sowing period (autumn and spring) and ii) early cutting of annuals during the first growing season on the development of the sown perennial species. Method. We surveyed species development during three years (2012-2014) in 24 plots in an experimental wildflower strip. Plots were sown either in autumn or in spring, and received or not an early cutting management in 2012. Results. Sown species were favored by autumn sowing. A few species did better after spring sowing. Two years later (2014), early cutting management enhanced sown flowering species abundance and diversity in case of spring sowing only. Conclusions. Studying implementation and management protocols is of first importance to improve the efficiency of wildflower strips. We recommend autumn sowing as a first approach, and mowing aimed at controlling annuals in the first year after sowing.

Triticale for late autumn sowing

Taking into account tendencies in climate changes towards continentality escalation, new ways to ensure stable production of food grain are searched for. Creation of triticale varieties with late sowing in autumn and early sowing in “February windows” (temporary thaws in February – at the early of March) is quite promising. This allows plants to effectively use soil moisture, stages of plant organogenesis occur earlier, and, as a result, crucial periods of the plant development do not coincide with the most intense droughts and take place at lower air temperatures. The aim of the research was to evaluate the yield capacity of triticale varieties and lines with late autumn sowing and to create wintering triticale lines with high grain yield and adaptability. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); biometric and weighing (to determine grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. The study on the productivity formation was carried out under late autumn sowing of triticale varieties and lines (the first decade of October) under conditions of Kharkiv region. The yields of spring triticale varieties under late autumn sowing averaged over the years amounted to 5.11–6.13 t / ha. Moreover, they formed a large filled grain (weight of 1,000 grains is 42.1–47.2 g). The best yield indicators by the years of research was showed by the variety Boryvіter Kharkivskyi– 6.13 t / ha, which exceeded the standard Korovai Kharkivsky by 1.02 t/ha. The highest yield under late autumn sowing was formed by two-handled cultivar Pidzymok Kharkivskyi and the line L5 (respectively 7.43 and 7.59 t/ha). They exceeded significantly the standard winter triticale variety Raritet by their yield (5.61 t/ha). As a result of the assessment, eight complex valuable triticale lines suitable for late autumn sowing (wintering lines) were identified: TKhZ 12p-19, TKhZ 15p-19, TKhZ 16p-19, TKhZ 31p-19, TKhZ 39p-19, TKhZ 66p-19, TKhZ 68p-19 and TKhZ 96p-19. The lines are characterized by increased productivity, well-filled grain (8–9 points), resistance to lodging (optimal height is 96–111 cm). According to the growing season they are early and mid-ripening. The lines are resistant to damage by loose and hard smut, powdery mildew and have increased resistance to damage by stem rust, leaf rust and leaf septoria (7–9 points). Increased adaptability of the lines is ensured by cold resistance and drought resistance. Therefore, they are the most promising for growing in arid steppe regions at late autumn and winter sowing. The use of triticale varieties and lines with increased productivity, resistant to lodging, suitable for late autumn sowing is important under conditions of increasing aridity of the climate and significant increase in the sowing area under row crops (corn, soybean, sunflower, etc.).