Integrating resource recovery process and watershed modelling to facilitate decision-making regarding bio-fertilizer production and application

Waste management strategies such as anaerobic digestion and composting produce bio-based fertilizer products that could be applied to agricultural soil. Although multiple modelling software tools are available to simulate the environmental effect of fertilizer application to the soil, these models do not allow specification of emerging bio-based fertilizer types. Moreover, mathematical process models exist that allow optimizing the operational settings of waste management processes in order to produce an optimal bio-fertilizer quality adjusted to the local market needs. If an integrated tool would be available that couples process modelling to watershed modelling, the valorization chain could be simulated as a whole, i.e. the bio-fertilizer type and composition could be adjusted to the local watershed and environmental impacts of bio-based fertilizer production and application could more easily be assessed and controlled. The availability of such integrated tool may as such allow for improved decision and policy making regarding bio-fertilizer production and application with environmental benefits as a result.

Modelling Watershed and River Basin Processes in Cold Climate Regions: A Review

Watersheds in cold regions provide water, food, biodiversity and ecosystem service. However, the increasing demand for water resources and climate change challenge our ability to provide clean freshwater. Particularly, watersheds in cold regions are more sensitive to changing climate due to their glaciers’ retreat and permafrost. This review revisits watershed system and processes. We analyze principles of watershed modelling and characteristics of watersheds in cold regions. Then, we show observed evidence of their impacts of cold processes on hydrological and biogeochemical processes and ecosystems, and review the watershed modeling and their applications in cold regions. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in modeling river basins according to model structures and representations of processes and point out research priorities in future model development.

ANALISIS BANJIR TAHUNAN KOTA SURAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN WATERSHED MODELLING SYSTEM (WMS)

<p>Kota Surakarta dilewati oleh beberapa sungai. Akibatnya di Kota Surakarta sering terjadi banjir di apabila terjadi curah hujan yang tinggi. Untuk mengetahui debit banjir yang terjadi perlu dilakukan analisis secara hidrologi pada DAS. Untuk mengetahui luasan dan kedalman banjir yang terjadi perlu dilakukan analisis hidrolika pada sungai atau saluran. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui nilai <em>Curve Number</em> (CN) DAS Kota Surakarta, puncak debit aliran, potensi luasan, dan potensi kedalaman banjir. Pada penelitian Analisis pada DAS digunakan <em>Watershed Modelling System</em> (WMS) dan simulasi aliran menggunakan HEC-RAS. Debit yang dihitung merupakan debit aliran periode ulang 5, 10, 25, dan 50 tahun. Metode perhitugan debit aliran menggunakan metode SCS. Sungai yang dianalisis adalah Brojo, Gajah Putih, Grenjeng, Krembyongan, Pepe Hulu, Pepe Hilir, Premulung dan Wingko. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatakan CN DAS Kota Surakarta adalah 67,86. Debit puncak pada DAS paling besar, yaitu DAS Pepe Hulu didapatkan Q₅= 74,468 m³/s, Q₁₀ = 91,475 m³/s Q₂₅= 110,393 m³/s, dan Q₅₀ = 122,816 m³/s. Potensi luasan total banjir periode ulang 5 tahun = 539871 m², 10 tahun = 82535 m², 25 tahun = 1032881 m², dan 50 tahun = 1091835 m². Potensi Kedalaman banjir periode ulang 5 tahun = 5,09 m, 10 tahun = 5,57 m, 25 tahun = 8,02 m, dan 50 tahun = 8,23 m. Kelurahan Banyuanyar berpotensi mengalami luasan banjir paling besar dan kedalaman banjir paling tinggi.</p>