Isotherm and kinetics of methylene blue removal by Musa acuminata peel adsorbents

Adsorbents were derived from banana peel through chemical treatment using phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide to adsorb methylene blue from water. The adsorption of methylene blue was performed at varying concentrations and contact times. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir equation, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 99.28 mg/g (28%). Phosphoric acid-treated adsorbent exhibits a greater capacity despite a lower affinity than the other adsorbents. A two-stage batch adsorber model was developed to optimize the adsorbent dosage for performance evaluation. Banana peel is a promising resource of adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Lithuanian Picture of Mother Based on Questionnaire Data

The article performs the analysis of the concept of mother through the cognitive questionnaire methodology developed by Jerzy Bartmiński, pioneer of Polish ethnolinguistics. According to the methodology only one open question is asked to respondents: „What do you think is the essence of the true X?“ The modifier „true“ included in the question directs respondents’ attention specifically to subjective imaginations, rather than to the actual (objectively) existing typical object. Mentioning the „essence“ directs focus to the most important rather than subordinate features.During the study, the students of Vilnius University were questioned – Philology, Philosophy, History, Law, Economics and Business Administration, Medical, Physics, International Relations and Science, Mathematics and Informatics Bachelors and Masters, as well as students from Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Antanas Gustaitis’ Aviation Institute. A total of 100 questionnaires were selected for the study: 48 questionnaires of Science dysciplines (male – 18, female – 30) and 52 questionnaires of the Humanities dysciplines (male – 20, female – 32).As the results of the analysis show, the „true mother“ is characterised in particular by psychosocial and social aspects, less often by mental, biological, household aspects. The least often the mother is characterised by physical, ethnic, religious, ethical and ideological aspects. The most common were descriptions such as: Raises, educates (S); 77, 9.2 %; Loves (A); 70, 8.4 %; Cares about (A); 65, 7.8 %; Sacrifises (A); 38, 4.5 %; Gives birth (G); 28/3.3 %; Childbirth (alone) does not constitute the presence of the mother (G); 26/3.1 %. According to the students’ opinion, it can be said that the maternity still remains a value, and its core consists of a public duty of a mother to bring up a virtuous and worthy citizen. Quite a private link between a mother and a child, which manifests in a provision of warmth and love to one another, remains important, a purely humane relationship is highly valued. Human attention does not deviate completely into sociality, his own hapiness and the happiness of his closest people is important to him.

Penggunaan Dolomit pada Bibit Jeruk Siam Asal Kuok di Tanah Gambut Provinsi Riau

Jeruk siam asal Kuok merupakan salah satu potensi buah lokal yang dimiliki oleh Provinsi Riau. Perluasan area tanam perlu dilakukan untuk dapat meningkatkan produksi, salah satunya di lahan gambut. Sifat masam yang terdapat pada gambut menjadikan lahan ini perlu diberi kapur untuk menetralkan pH tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis dolomit terbaik dalam upaya meningkatkan potensi pengembangan jeruk kuok di lahan gambut pada tahap pembibitan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari hingga Maret 2019 di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal, yang terdiri atas empat dosis dolomit (0 g, 28 g, 56 g, 84 g per tanaman) sebagai perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jeruk kuok berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Provinsi Riau, karena mampu beradaptasi dengan baik di tanah gambut. Aplikasi dolomit dengan dosis 84 g/tanaman menunjukan respon pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.

Effects of Age on Acute Appetite-Related Responses to Whey-Protein Drinks, Including Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, Blood Glucose, and Plasma Gut Hormone Concentrations—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Protein-rich supplements are used commonly to increase energy intake in undernourished older people. This study aimed to establish age effects on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, blood glucose, and gut hormones in response to protein-rich drinks. In a randomized double-blind, order, 13 older men (age: 75 ± 2 yrs, body mass index (BMI): 26 ± 1 kg/m2) and 13 younger (23 ± 1 yrs, 24 ± 1 kg/m2) men consumed (i) a control drink (~2 kcal) or drinks (450 mL) containing protein/fat/carbohydrate: (ii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/‘P280′), (iii) 14 g/12.4 g/28 g (280 kcal/‘M280′), (iv) 70 g/12.4 g/28 g (504 kcal/‘M504′), on four separate days. Appetite (visual analog scales), gastric emptying (3D ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), and ad-libitum energy intake (180–210 min) were determined. Older men, compared to younger men, had higher fasting glucose and CCK concentrations and lower fasting GLP-1 concentrations (all p < 0.05). Energy intake by P280 compared to control was less suppressed in older men (increase: 49 ± 42 kcal) than it was in younger men (suppression: 100 ± 54 kcal, p = 0.038). After the caloric drinks, the suppression of hunger and the desire to eat, and the stimulation of fullness was less (p < 0.05), and the stimulation of plasma GLP-1 was higher (p < 0.05) in older men compared to younger men. Gastric emptying, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and CCK responses were similar between age groups. In conclusion, ageing reduces the responses of caloric drinks on hunger, the desire to eat, fullness, and energy intake, and protein-rich nutrition supplements may be an effective strategy to increase energy intake in undernourished older people.

Langzeit-Follow-up nach Exokryokoagulation bei Frühgeborenenretinopathie in Nordgriechenland: 3-Jahres-Ergebnisse

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Untersucht werden soll retrospektiv die Effektivität der Behandlung mit Exokryokoagulation bei Frühgeborenen (FG) mit Retinopathia praematurorum (ROP) bez. der morphologischen Netzhautstrukturen und der visuellen Funktion. Material und Methoden Von insgesamt 3103 untersuchten FG hatten 304 (9,8%) eine ROP. Von diesen wurden 66 behandelt. Alle FG wurden über 3 Jahre nach dieser Behandlung beobachtet. Als nicht erfolgreich wurden eine Ablatio retinae und eine Makulaverziehung (dragging of the macula) gewertet. Bestkorrigierte Gittersehschärfe und bestkorrigierte Sehschärfen wurden mittels Lea-Symbolen und Kay Pictures geprüft. Ergebnisse Die 66 behandelten FG (132 Augen) hatten ein Gestationsalter von weniger als 28 Wochen und ein Geburtsgewicht < 1280 g. 28 FG hatten eine ROP in Zone 1, die übrigen in Zone 2. Von diesen 66 FG zeigten 64 (128 Augen) eine Visusverbesserung. 37 FG (74 Augen) zeigten ebenso eine morphologische Besserung. Nur bei einem FG kam es zu einer bilateralen Amotio retinae. Schlussfolgerung Eine frühe Behandlung mit Kryropexie bei FG mit ROP kann zu einer Visusverbesserung wie auch zu einer anatomischen Stabilisierung der Netzhautsituation führen.

Acute Effects of Substitution, and Addition, of Carbohydrates and Fat to Protein on Gastric Emptying, Blood Glucose, Gut Hormones, Appetite, and Energy Intake

Whey protein, when ingested on its own, load-dependently slows gastric emptying and stimulates gut hormone concentrations in healthy young men. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substitution, and addition, of carbohydrate (dextrose) and fat (olive oil) to whey protein. In randomized, double-blind order, 13 healthy young men (age: 23 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m2) ingested a control drink (450 mL; ~2 kcal/‘control’) or iso-volumetric drinks containing protein/carbohydrate/fat: (i) 14 g/28 g/12.4 g (280 kcal/‘M280′), (ii) 70 g/28 g/12.4 g (504kcal/‘M504′), and (iii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/‘P280′), on 4 separate study days. Gastric emptying (n = 11, 3D-ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), appetite (visual analogue scales), and ad-libitum buffet-meal energy intake (180–210 min) were determined. Substitution of protein with carbohydrate and fat was associated with faster gastric emptying (lower 50% emptying time (T50)), reduced suppression of ghrelin, and stimulation of GLP-1 (all P < 0.001); while the addition of carbohydrate and fat to protein did not affect gastric emptying or gut hormone responses significantly. Total energy intake (i.e., drink plus meal) was greater after all caloric drinks than control (P < 0.001). In conclusion, substitution of whey protein with dextrose and olive oil accelerated gastric emptying. Higher protein content of a mixed macronutrient drink increased gut hormone and insulin responses.

The violations features of immunological protection in response to polytrauma and corrective experiment in effect carbacetam

<p>In the late period of traumatic disease after trauma (14–28 days) there are observed disimmunological disorder<br />manifested increasing content in serum and CIC immunoglobulin classes A, M, G in terms. Application of Carbacetam<br />from the date of trauma for 14 days at a dose of 5 mg/kg of animal intraperitoneally content by normalization in<br />serum CIC, Ig M and Ig G 28 days post-traumatic period. During this observation period compared to the group of<br />animals without correction was less content of CIC, Ig A, Ig G and more – Ig M, indicating the influence of the drug<br />immunological adjusting expressed in terms of trauma.</p>