Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Pengelompokkan Produk pada Minimarket

The retail industry is currently growing rapidly, especially in Indonesia. One form of the retail industry is modern retail which includes supermarkets, minimarkets and others. This study focuses on the grouping of products sold at minimarkets. This research is caused by seeing the phenomenon of the large number of transactions that occur in one day, the result is the number of products sold. This makes it difficult for minimarket managers to determine the next product procurement. Therefore, This study is conducted to group the products sold so that the products that need to be procured are seen next. This study propose a software to perform the grouping using the K-means algorithm. For the data sample, this study obtained sales transaction data for 3 months from the Sastra Mart minimarket. In this study, manual calculations were carried out on 10 samples of beverage data taken randomly from sales transactions which would be divided into 3 clusters. The results of manual calculations, there are 3 drink data entered into the “Sangat Laris” cluster, 2 drink data entered the “Laris” cluster and 5 drink data entered the “Kurang Laris” cluster. The software produced from the research gives the same results as manual calculations in classifying products. This study has also carried out software testing to test all its functionalities, from the test results, everything runs normally and as expected.

Impact of Simulated Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Kernel Feeding on Field Corn Yield

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, has not been considered an economic pest of field corn. Historical losses estimates ranged from 1.5 to 2.5%, and a large number of foliar insecticide applications would be needed to minimize infestations. In recent years, Bt, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) field corn, Zea mays (L.) Poales: Poaceae, technologies that exhibit activity against corn earworm have been introduced. However, it is unclear how much damage to corn ears (number of damaged kernels) is required to reduce yield. In this study manual damage methods were utilized to inflict defined levels of kernel damage and to impose damage at levels greater than observed with natural corn earworm infestations. Bt corn hybrids expressing the Agrisure Viptera (Vip 3A) trait were used to minimize injury from natural infestations of corn earworm. Manual kernel damage was imposed at R3 stage to mimic corn earworm feeding while avoiding interference with pollination. These methods were used in experiments where treatments were applied to individual ears and hand-harvested and in experiments where treatments were applied to all primary ears in the plot and machine-harvested. Damage of ≥60 kernels per ear was required to significantly reduce yield regardless of harvest method. Kernel damage from natural corn earworm infestations reported in other studies was much lower than 60 kernels per ear. Timely planting is a key component of all integrated pest management programs. Field corn planted during the recommended planting window for optimum yield is unlikely to experience corn earworm damage great enough to reduce yield.

Safety and efficacy of dialyzer reuse by manual reprocessing: an observational study

Background: Haemodialysis is the main form of RRT in the patients of CKD. Haemodialysis is a costly procedure and is not afforded by many. Reuse of components of Haemodialysis circuit helps in reducing cost but may be associated with decreased efficacy and side effects.Methods: Prospective observational study. Manual reprocessing of dialyzer was done with either formaldehyde or peracetic acid. Single brand (Fresenius) dialyzer were used across all patients. Dialysis efficacy was calculated by URR and side effect and toxicity monitored in a predefined proforma.Results: A total 50 patients were studied (39 male and 11 female) with age ranging from 31-60 years. The mean urea reduction ratio after four dialysis session with the same dialyzer was 62.93% which is below KDOQI recommendation. The findings in our study suggest that URR was adequate upto three session of haemodialysis by reprocessed dialyzer but not beyond that. The choice of chemical for reprocessing did not affect the efficacy. As compared to F6 dialyze F8 dialyzer had better initial URR and this was maintained upto fourth reuse. Serum albumin levels correlated with the fall in efficacy of dialyzers. There were no significant complications of reuse of dialyzers across both methods of reprocessing and there was no dialyzer first use syndrome.Conclusions: ESRD affects a younger age group in our country. Use of large membrane area results in better efficacy. Dialyzer reuse with manual reprocessing is safe and also effective upto third and fourth use. Dialyzer reuse is associated with economic benefits.