Habitat characteristics and utilization of edible wild mushrooms by local communities in the protected forest in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the habitat characteristics and utilization of edible wild mushrooms by local communities in protected forest areas in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted using observation, survey, interview, and questionnaire methods. The characteristics of the wild mushroom habitat are climate type B, with average rainfall is 2,780.2 mm/year, a temperature of 24-32°C, and relative humidity of 59-82%. In general, a wild mushroom grows on dead wood, especially candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) and mango (Mangifera indica), soil, and litter. There were 18 types of wild mushrooms found in the protected forest areas in Pinrang Regency, namely Termitomyces clypeate, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Tyromyces chioneus, Trametes hirsute, Schizophyllum commune, Lepiota clypeolaria, Lepiota brunneoincarnata, Auricularia auricular, Psavinea, squarrosulus, Leucocoprinus sp., Coprinellus micaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Oudemansiella mucida. There were 5 types which include edible wild mushrooms that can be consumed by the community as a source of food and medicine, namely Termitomyces clypeatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia auricular, and Pluteus cervinus, and 13 species include non-edible wild mushrooms and some of them are known as poisonous mushrooms.

El turismo micológico como fuente de ingresos y empleo en el medio rural. El caso de Castilla y León

Edible wild mushrooms harvesting is becoming an important activity that generates income in rural areas. This is the case of mycological tourism, an important niche in the subsector of rural tourism. Despite this situation, there is no research in relation to its importance in the rural areas with resources. So, this paper discusses its contribution to the economy of the rural territories in the autonomous region of Castilla y León. In this sense, we estimate four fundamental variables; the number of overnight stays and trips by this kind of tourists as well as associated spending and generated employment.

In Vitro Ecological Response of the Human Gut Microbiome to Bioactive Extracts from Edible Wild Mushrooms

This study presents the effect of two new products based on atomized extracts from edible wild mushrooms (RoBioMush1, RoBioMush2) on the microbiota of three target groups: clinically healthy (NG) individuals, individuals with nutritional disorders (ND), and individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The microbiota fingerprints were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Modulations in the simulated microbiome were established and correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds released in the in vitro environment (a three-stage culture system GIS2 simulator, www.gissystems.ro). The high metabolizing capacity of NG and CVD correlated positively with the rest of the biological activities expressed in vitro. ND microbiota consumed a wide spectrum of monosaccharides from the products. Xylose was present in large quantities in the descending segment (minimum: 175 μg/mL for ND). The primary conclusion was that the microbiological ecosystem was modulated, as proven by the presence of specific biomarkers (e.g., ammonium levels and fingerprints of short-chain fatty acids–SCFAs), which stimulate the organism’s health status and were correlated with the restoration of a normal microbiota fingerprint.

The Most Popular Edible Wild Mushrooms in Vezirköprü District of Samsun Province

Edible wild mushrooms are becoming more and more important in our diet for their nutritional and pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to gather information about edible wild mushroom species existed in mycobiota of Vezirköprü district of Samsun province that are economically important and are collected from nature by the villagers and sold in the local markets. The mushroom samples were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic features. The information, obtained on the collecting time, local names and habitats of the mushrooms was inquired from the sellers, consumers and traders. Cantharellus cibarius, Morchella spp. and Boletus edulis species are not only sold in the Vezirköprü market but also exported. Amanita caesarea, Cantharellus ferruginascens, Craterellus cornucopioides, Clitocybe geotropa, Hydnum repandum, H. rufescens, Lactarius deliciosus, L. semisanguifluus, L. vellereus, L. vinosus, Macrolepiota procera, Ramaria spp., Russula delica and Tricholoma terreum are species of mushrooms with high edible quality and economical importance.

BIO- AND TOXIC ELEMENTS IN EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS (SUILLUS LUTEUS)

The aim of this study was to perform analysis by flame and graphite furnace AAS the content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and Fe in wild edible mushrooms Suillus luteus. The samples were collected from the Batak Mountain. All metals concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. The average content of studied elements: Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and Fe in Suillus luteus samples were: 0.66 mg kg-1, 0.52 mg kg-1, 0.55 mg kg-1, 0.51 mg kg-1, 11.33 mg kg-1, 0.98 mg kg-1, 19.28 mg kg-1, 51.67 mg kg-1, and 114.41 mg kg-1.

EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS OF ETHIOPIA: NEGLECTED NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS

This review summarizes existing ethnomycological work in Ethiopia. Although the literature to which we had access were scanty and limited in their scope, comprehensive issues such as the culture of collection and use of edible wild mushrooms in the country are summarized. In this review, moreover, a check list of available wild edible and medicinal mushrooms and their niches are also documented. The review reveals that wild mushrooms are the most neglected non-timber forest products (NTFPs). They are poorly studied and undocumented in Ethiopia as compared to other NTFPs and their importance for the livelihood of the local communities is also overlooked. Recognition of this resource is also hampered by the lack of taxonomic studies; most of the species are simply known locally by the shared common name “Enguday”. Thus, this document can serve as baseline information and indicator for further studies to facilitate the wider use, promotion and conservation of wild mushrooms in Ethiopia.