Chaotic Behaviors of One-Dimensional Wave Equations with van der Pol Boundary Conditions Containing a Source Term

For one-dimensional wave equations with the van der Pol boundary conditions, there have been several different ways in the literature to characterize the complexity of their solutions. However, if the right-end van der Pol boundary condition contains a source term, then a considerable technical difficulty arises as to how to describe the complexity of the system. In this paper, we take advantage of a topologically dynamical method to characterize the dynamical behaviors of the systems, including sensitivity, transitivity and Li–Yorke chaos. For this end, we consider a system [Formula: see text] induced by a sequence of continuous maps and its functional envelope [Formula: see text], and show that, under some considerable condition, [Formula: see text] is transitive if and only if [Formula: see text] is weakly mixing of order [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text] is Li–Yorke chaotic and sensitive if [Formula: see text] is strongly mixing. Those abstract results have their own significance and can be applied to such kind of equations.

Functional envelope of a non-autonomous discrete system

Let (X, F = {fn}n =0∞) be a non-autonomous discrete system by a compact metric space X and continuous maps fn : X → X, n = 0, 1, ....We introduce functional envelope (S(X), G = {Gn}n =0∞), of (X, F = {fn}n =0∞), where S(X) is the space of all continuous self maps of X and the map Gn : S(X) → S(X) is defined by Gn(ϕ) = Fn ∘ ϕ, Fn = fn ∘ fn-1 ∘ . . . ∘ f1 ∘ f0. The paper mainly deals with the connection between the properties of a system and the properties of its functional envelope.

Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors

Endogenous retroviral sequences provide a molecular fossil record of ancient infections whose analysis might illuminate mechanisms of viral extinction. A close relative of gammaretroviruses, HERV-T, circulated in primates for ~25 million years (MY) before apparent extinction within the past ~8 MY. Construction of a near-complete catalog of HERV-T fossils in primate genomes allowed us to estimate a ~32 MY old ancestral sequence and reconstruct a functional envelope protein (ancHTenv) that could support infection of a pseudotyped modern gammaretrovirus. Using ancHTenv, we identify monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) as a receptor used by HERV-T for attachment and infection. A single HERV-T provirus in hominid genomes includes an env gene (hsaHTenv) that has been uniquely preserved. This apparently exapted HERV-T env could not support virion infection but could block ancHTenv mediated infection, by causing MCT-1 depletion from cell surfaces. Thus, hsaHTenv may have contributed to HERV-T extinction, and could also potentially regulate cellular metabolism.

A Betabaculovirus-Encodedgp64Homolog Codes for a Functional Envelope Fusion Protein

The GP64 envelope fusion protein is a hallmark of group I alphabaculoviruses. However, the Diatraea saccharalis granulovirus genome sequence revealed the first betabaculovirus species harboring agp64homolog (disa118). In this work, we have shown that this homolog encodes a functional envelope fusion protein and could enable the infection and fusogenic abilities of agp64-null prototype baculovirus. Therefore, GP64 may complement or may be in the process of replacing F protein activity in this virus lineage.

Optimization of Swimming Pool Hall's Envelope with Respect to Thermal and Moisture Design

The operation of swimming pools inside of the currently very popular water parks is because of the characteristics of indoor climate quite specific. An integral and also fundamental part of the project documentation of these types of buildings is certainly the thermo-technical assessment and the design of the buildings envelope. The designer has to deal with high temperature and relative humidity in the interior, which requires a detailed design of external structures including the roof structure. In particular it is necessary to pay attention to critical details. The paper deals with issues connected to the thermo-technical design of compositions of swimming pool halls envelope with respect to acting legislations and external boundary conditions valid for the Czech Republic, as much as it optimises the design solutions also in terms of technological and economical. The result of such a design activity should be a functional envelope which is easy to maintain and has a long life span.