A High Accurate Adaptive Temperature Control Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Reasoning and PID Control

A high accurate adaptive temperature control algorithm is proposed and implemented for a thermostatic chemical detecting device. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of PID control and Fuzzy control which are high accuracy and easy control. The algorithm flow chart and fuzzy reasoning rules are presented. The experiment results and actual operation show that the algorithm has much better performance on adaptability, stability, accuracy than simple PID control and has a great application prospect on the field of constant-temperature chemical apparatus.

Konsep Pengurusan Alatan dan Bahan Untuk Pembelajaran Sains di Makmal

Learning science through experiments in the laboratory occurred faster because students conduct their own investigations to obtain information on the actual material. Science experiment, experiment or laboratory work is usually carried out in laboratory, involving chemical apparatus, fresh or preserved specimens. This method would apply the knowledge, scientific skills and scientific attitudes and values whenever the students plan, organize and analyze data using a variety of experimental equipment, specimens and chemicals. This paper discussed the concept of apparatus in learning science in the laboratory. In addition, the management will show the concept of learning in general and the importance of management in the learning of science in the laboratory. The results revealed from a study of the concept of literature and the findings of previous studies, a conclusion can be made for the most effective way to manage apparatus in learning science in the laboratory. Keywords: learning science, science experiment, apparatus, laboratory, learning management Pembelajaran sains melalui eksperimen di makmal lebih cepat berlaku kerana pelajar menjalankan penyiasatan sendiri bagi memperolehi maklumat melalui bahan yang sebenar. Eksperimen sains, ujikaji atau kerja makmal yang biasanya dijalankan di makmal, melibatkan alatan dan bahan kimia, spesimen segar atau awet. Kaedah tersebut dapat menerapkan pengetahuan, kemahiran saintifik serta sikap saintifik dan nilai murni apabila pelajar merancang, mengendalikan dan menganalisis data menggunakan pelbagai peralatan eksperimen, spesimen dan bahan kimia. Kertas kerja ini membicarakan konsep pengurusan alatan dan bahan dalam pembelajaran sains di makmal. Selain daripada itu, dipaparkan juga konsep pengurusan pembelajaran secara umum dan kepentingan pengurusan dalam pembelajaran sains di makmal. Hasil pendedahan konsep pengurusan daripada kajian literatur dan dapatan kajian-kajian yang lepas, akan dibuat satu kesimpulan cara paling berkesan dalam mengurus alatan dan bahan dalam pembelajaran sains di makmal. Kata kunci: pembelajaran sains, eksperimen sains, alat radas, makmal, pengurusan pembelajaran