Structure of the costume texture thickness investigation

The costume fabric is woven on the basis of tandoor sarja braids. Such textures are superficial in the body. When washing a suit sewn from the surface tissue of the body, in the process of using it only the body coverings are eroded and thinned, resulting in tissue rupture. This article presents the results of research on improving the quality, in particular, increasing the resistance to abrasion of cotton fabrics such as costume cloth. It is noted that the resistance of the fabric to abrasion depends on the indicators of its structure, that is, on the degree of mutual bending of the warp and weft threads or the supporting surface of the fabrics.

Tissue rupture in tomato fruits in protected ground

Often you can observe various physiological violations, including on fruits, caused by warehouses – unfavorable growth conditions under growing plants in protected ground. Identified physiological abnormalities are the result of exceeding certain limits, when which plants can no longer normally develop to go. One of the common physiological disorders – tissue rupture in tomato fruits, express-cracks in various directions and depths on the surface of the fruit. Tissue rupture occurs most often in tomato fruits in the beginning stage of them maturation, which is associated with a significant decrease elasticity of the skin during this period. Meticulous adherence to growing technology, maintenance optimal microclimate in cultivation facilities and growing less sensitive hybrids reduces or avoids cracking fruit. In this article we will try to consider the problem of tissue rupture in tomato fruits when they cultivation in protected ground and the main causes of this phenomenon.

Design of a low-cost tactile robotic sleeve for autonomous endoscopes and catheters

Recent developments in medical robotics have been significant, supporting the minimally invasive operation requirements, such as smaller devices and more feedback available to surgeons. Nevertheless, the tactile feedback from a catheter or endoscopic type robotic device has been restricted mostly on the tip of the device and was not aimed to support the autonomous movement of the medical device during operation. In this work, we design a robotic sheath/sleeve with a novel and more comprehensive approach, which can function for whole body or segment-based feedback control as well as diagnostic purposes. The robotic sleeve has several types of piezo-resistive pressure and extension sensors, which are embedded at several latitudes and depths of the silicone substrate. The sleeve takes the human skin as a biological model for its structure. It has a better tactile sensation of the inner tissues in the torturous narrow channels such as cardiovascular or endoluminal tracts in human body and thus can be used to diagnose abnormalities. In addition to this capability, using the stretch sensors distributed alongside its body, the robotic sheath/sleeve can perceive the ego-motion of the robotic backbone of the catheter and can act as a position feedback device. Because of the silicone substrate, the sleeve contributes toward safety of the medical device passively by providing a compliant interface. As an active safety measure, the robotic sheath can sense blood clots or sudden turns inside a channel and by modifying the local trajectory and can prevent embolisms or tissue rupture. In the future, advanced manufacturing techniques will increase the capabilities of the tactile robotic sleeve.

Childbirth trauma

Pelvic floor disorders are strongly associated with childbirth and are more prevalent in parous women. Pelvic floor trauma commonly occurs at the time of the first vaginal childbirth. Conventionally, childbirth trauma refers to perineal and vaginal trauma following delivery and the focus has been on the perineal body and the anal sphincter complex. However, childbirth trauma may involve different aspects of the pelvic floor. Pelvic floor trauma during vaginal childbirth may involve tissue rupture, compression, and stretching, resulting in nerve, muscle, and connective tissue damage. Some women may be more susceptible to pelvic floor trauma than others due to collagen weakness. Childbirth trauma affects millions of women worldwide. The incidence of perineal trauma is over 91% in nulliparous women and over 70% in multiparous women. A clinical diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) is made in between 1% and 11% of women following vaginal delivery. Increased training and awareness around OASIS is associated with an increase in the reported incidence. Short- and long-term symptoms of childbirth trauma can have a significant effect on daily activities, psychological well-being, sexual function, and overall quality of life.

Light-induced polyp retraction and tissue rupture in the photosensitive, reef-building coral Acropora muricata

ABSTRACTCoral reefs are in alarming decline due to climate emergency, pollution and other man-made disturbances. The numerous ecosystem services derived from coral reefs are underpinned by the growth and physical complexity of reef-forming corals. Our knowledge of their fundamental biology is limited by available technology. We need a better understanding of larval settlement and development, skeletogenesis, interactions with pathogens and symbionts, and how this biology interacts with environmental factors such as light exposure, temperature, and ocean acidification. We here focus on a fast-growing key coloniser, Acropora muricata. To enable dynamic imaging of the photosensitive organism at different scales, we developed light-sheet illumination for fluorescence microscopy of small coral colonies. Our approach reveals live polyps in previously unseen detail. An imaging range for Acropora muricata with no measurable photodamage is defined based upon polyp expansion, coral tissue reaction, and photobleaching. We quantify polyp retraction as a photosensitive behavioural response and show sparse zooxanthellar expulsion and coral tissue rupture at higher intensities of blue light. The simple and flexible technique enables non-invasive continuous dynamic imaging of highly photosensitive organisms with sizes between 1 mm3 and 5 cm3, for eight hours, at high temporal resolution, on a scale from multiple polyps down to cellular resolution. This live imaging tool opens a new window into the dynamics of reef-building corals.

Canine Bite-Mark Evidence in Veterinary Necropsy: Case Studies Featuring the Bite-Mark Examination

Forensic veterinary medicine tends to gain increasing importance in veterinary pathology, the number of such cases being still limited. The paper describes cases with multiple cutaneous wounds, with emphasis on bite-mark analysis. The material was represented by corpses (deer and dogs) brought by local authorities to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca (Romania), along with preliminary reports issued by the competent organs. A complete medicolegal survey was done. The cases analyzed by us displayed numerous usually symmetrical (opposed) wounds, with angular margins and elongated aspect (somehow specific to bite wounds). All cases assessed presented laceration of the skin from the subcutaneous tissue, rupture of muscle and (in some cases) perforation of internal organs. The features of the bite-marks described were typical for carnivores. Depending on the species involved, the topography of lesions varied. In deer, the ventrolateral area of the neck and the lumbar/dorsal region were more commonly affected. The distribution suggests the hunting instinct of carnivores by trying to induce suffocation of the prey. In the analyzed dog corpses, the most affected areas were the auricular, limbs, sternal region, abdominal region. Investigation of bite-marks is an evolving field of forensic veterinary science and remains a provocation for veterinary pathologists.

Spontaneous Healing in complete ACL ruptures: results at eight-year mean follow-up

Objectives: The injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has a limited healing capacity leading to persisting instability. Although several studies have reported spontaneous healing of torn ACLs, it is difficult to determine its healing potential and whether patients will be able to return to sports activities. In 2011, we published a series of 14 patients with spontaneous healing following a complete ACL rupture, the mean follow up was 30 months (range 25-36 months). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of spontaneous healing in complete ACL ruptures in the same group of patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 14 patients with acute ACL injury established by physical examination and MRI (proximal third in eight patients and the midligament in six). Twelve patients were male and average age at injury was 31 years (range, 23-41 years), All patients were athletically active before the injury and suffered the lesion during a sport activity. Surgery was indicated in all patients, but it was postponed for different reasons, including related labor problems, need to travel, illnesses, planned holidays, and the patient’s personal decision not to undergo surgery. Most of the patients let the injury run its course with no bracing and unspecific rehabilitation protocol. The primary outcomes of this study were rerupture rate and time between injury and surgery. Results: Twelve patients out of 14 were reevaluated (86%), with a mean follow up of 8 years (3-14). Ten were men, with a mean age of 38 years (range, 25-51 years). Five patients had an ACL reconstruction during follow-up, with a mean time between injury and surgery of 5 years (range 3-14). Initial injury was located in the proximal third in two patients and in the midligament in three. Conclusion: Although favorable initial evolution at 30 months after a complete ACL lesion, our series show a re-rupture rate or “scar tissue” rupture of 40% at a mean follow-up of 8 years.

Ultrafast epithelial contractions provide insights into contraction speed limits and tissue integrity

By definition of multicellularity, all animals need to keep their cells attached and intact, despite internal and external forces. Cohesion between epithelial cells provides this key feature. To better understand fundamental limits of this cohesion, we study the epithelium mechanics of an ultrathin (∼25 μm) primitive marine animal Trichoplax adhaerens, composed essentially of two flat epithelial layers. With no known extracellular matrix and no nerves or muscles, T. adhaerens has been claimed to be the “simplest known living animal,” yet is still capable of coordinated locomotion and behavior. Here we report the discovery of the fastest epithelial cellular contractions known in any metazoan, to be found in T. adhaerens dorsal epithelium (50% shrinkage of apical cell area within one second, at least an order of magnitude faster than other known examples). Live imaging reveals emergent contractile patterns that are mostly sporadic single-cell events, but also include propagating contraction waves across the tissue. We show that cell contraction speed can be explained by current models of nonmuscle actin–myosin bundles without load, while the tissue architecture and unique mechanical properties are softening the tissue, minimizing the load on a contracting cell. We propose a hypothesis, in which the physiological role of the contraction dynamics is to resist external stresses while avoiding tissue rupture (“active cohesion”), a concept that can be further applied to engineering of active materials.